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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
126540
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article reports on an audience costs experiment embedded into a survey of the British public (N = 2235). We extend previous research into audience costs in three main directions. First, we provide clear and direct evidence that they exist for a second-order democratic power, the United Kingdom. Second, we show that the extent of audience costs varies, and at times substantially, along with features of the crisis situation that have not been examined empirically in this context before. In particular, the type of crisis strongly influences public reactions both to bluffing in general and to the wisdom or otherwise of escalating crises before backing down. While audience costs do appear to exist for a UK Prime Minister, he or she cannot inflate them by moving up the escalation chain. Rather, a limited use of force tends to mitigate these costs among the British public because it appears to them a more consistent strategy. Third, we show that public disapproval of a failed bluffing strategy is stronger among the more politically engaged, increasing the likelihood that audience costs will be paid at the ballot box.
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| 2 |
ID:
157660
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| Summary/Abstract |
China has adopted a policy for fundamentally solving ecological problems that emphasizes ensuring a balance between economic development and preserving the environment, reforming the legal system in the field of ecology, and introducing green technologies during the mass movement of industry from the eastern part of the country to the west, combined with caring for the environment of the territories they occupy.
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| 3 |
ID:
180768
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| Summary/Abstract |
Question: Oleg Vladimirovich [Syromolotov], diplomacy is not an especially public topic, and what happens behind closed doors is kept particularly tightly under wraps. This is especially true when it comes to the international counterterrorism agenda, which you oversee for the Russian Foreign Ministry. It isn't often you meet with journalists, but every time you do, it is interesting, sometimes even fascinating. You work on specific matters that our readers are aware of, be it Syria, counterterrorist cooperation, or combating organized crime and drug trafficking.
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| 4 |
ID:
179234
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| Summary/Abstract |
The 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) reflects Beijing's comprehensive approach to improving the environmental situation in China. It includes mechanisms for stimulating "green" and low-carbon manufacturing, and measures for improving air, water, and soil quality. Standards for the emission of pollutants are being tightened to protect the environment, and a diversified mechanism of compensating for ecological damage is being created on the basis of market principles. China has had definite successes in controlling environmental pollution, raising the coefficient of water, air, and solid waste purification. Municipal water supplies and sanitation have been improved, and gas and central heating are being introduced on a broader scale. Efforts to conserve energy have yielded positive results. The task is now to overcome the rise in environmental devastation, improve the situation in major rivers and lakes, and reduce the levels of acid rain and discharges of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In the area of international cooperation, China is adhering to a course of energy conservation and working actively with other countries in the field of ecology under conditions of mutual benefit.
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