| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
176652
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
To date, research has mostly focused on the impact of energy efficiency on the total electricity demand but not on the electricity demand profiles. To address this gap, we estimate the impact of energy efficiency measures and policies such as minimum energy performance standards on the peak load by developing a bottom-up model that generates Swiss household hourly electricity demand profiles per appliance based on time use data. The model estimates that evening appliance peak demand can be reduced by 38% when the appliances are replaced by the highest energy efficiency label available on market. We find that changing light bulbs to LED would have the same peak reduction as switching cooking or wet appliances to off-peak periods throughout the year. We also show that the evening appliance peak demand could reduce in 2035 by 24% thanks to the improvement of the energy performance of the stock. Cooking appliances, the least favourable appliances to be involved in demand response, is expected to be the highest contributors to the evening peak in 2035. Our findings show that policy makers should pay due attention to energy efficiency improvement not only for reducing electricity demand but also in order to reduce peak load.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
126833
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2014.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
The chemical sector is the largest industrial energy user, but detailed analysis of its energy use developments lags behind other energy-intensive sectors. A cost-driven forecasting model for basic chemicals production is developed, accounting for regional production costs, demand growth and stock turnover. The model determines the global production capacity placement, implementation of energy-efficient Best Practice Technology (BPT) and global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the period 2010-2030. Subsequently, the effects of energy and climate policies on these parameters are quantified. About 60% of new basic chemical production capacity is projected to be placed in non-OECD regions by 2030 due to low energy prices. While global production increases by 80% between 2010 and 2030, the OECD's production capacity share decreases from 40% to 20% and global emissions increase by 50%. Energy pricing and climate policies are found to reduce 2030 CO2 emissions by 5-15% relative to the baseline developments by increasing BPT implementation. Maximum BPT implementation results in a 25% reduction. Further emission reductions require measures beyond energy-efficient technologies. The model is useful to estimate general trends related to basic chemicals production, but improved data from the chemical sector is required to expand the analysis to additional technologies and chemicals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|