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PEACE AND STRATEGY (2) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   127343


Australia's decision to initiate whaling in the Antarctic: winning the case versus resolving the dispute / Scott, Shirley V   Journal Article
Scott, Shirley V Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract On May 31, 2010, Australia instituted proceedings before the International Court of Justice in the case of Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan). Although Australian politicians had for some time threatened such a course of action, the decision to proceed with international litigation took many observers by surprise, most basically because Japan appeared to be in a strong legal position and the risks associated with the case appeared greater than Australia's prospects for success. This article examines the background to the whaling dispute and suggests two ways in which litigation in the World Court may contribute to resolution of the dispute no matter the legal outcome of the case.
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2
ID:   127626


Relative efficacy of the biological and chemical weapon regimes / Enia, Jason; Fields, Jeffrey   Journal Article
Fields, Jeffrey Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract The biological and chemical weapon nonproliferation and disarmament regimes are often put forward as models of what the nuclear nonproliferation regime could (or should) be. But are these regimes effective? If so, is one stronger and/or more effective than the other? What is it that makes them relatively stronger than the nuclear nonproliferation regime? In this article, we return to and expand upon a framework for assessing regime health and effectiveness. We utilize this framework to engage in a comparative analysis of the chemical weapon (CW) and biological weapon (BW) nonproliferation regimes, respectively. Our analysis reveals that these two regimes are comparatively healthier than their nuclear counterpart. While some of their behavioral features might be troubling-such as the disputes over stockpile destruction of CW-these tend to be mitigated by the presence of a strong norm against possession and proliferation of both CW and BW. This norm is adequately embedded into the existing institutional features of the regimes in ways that do not exist in the nuclear nonproliferation regime.
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