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| 1 |
ID:
162972
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper estimates the energy demand function to examine the asymmetric relationship between the shadow economy and energy consumption in the case of Bolivia during the period of 1960–2015. The ambiguous empirical findings on shadow economy-energy demand nexus has inclined us to apply the nonlinear ARDL cointegration approach developed by Shin et al. (2014) and the Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test. The empirical evidence confirms the presence of an asymmetric relationship between the variables of interest. Positive and negative shocks to official GDP (true GDP) and the shadow economy have positive impacts on energy consumption. Energy consumption is positively and negatively affected by positive and negative shocks in financial development, respectively. A positive (negative) shock to capital decreases energy consumption. Another important finding concerns the complex causal direction between economic growth and energy consumption. This study provides new insights regarding to the use of official GDP (true GDP) and the shadow economy as economic tools to maintain energy demand for sustainable economic development.
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| 2 |
ID:
129624
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| 3 |
ID:
127796
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Although most North Koreans say 'yes' in front of power to avoid trouble, they murmur something different behind its back. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the 'hidden transcripts' of the ordinary powerless in contemporary North Korean society. Based on refugee testimonies, the paper examines how mere mortals question, mock, and challenge official rhetoric of the regime at the ever-prospering markets. In particular, a discourse analysis of 'those who think differently' and a practice analysis of 'those who act differently' are provided. The long-term effects of hidden transcripts of the ordinary powerless on the evolution of the North Korean system are discussed in the conclusion.
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| 4 |
ID:
127623
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the phenomenon of the shadow (hidden) economy and its influence on Kazakhstan's financial and economic development and security. The republic's statistical bodies often use the term "non-observed economy," which implies hidden, unaccounted, informal, and illegal economic activity. Non-observed economic activity includes the production of goods and services, as well as the illegal redistribution of revenue and assets. Based on how widespread shadow and corruption processes are and on the current level of Kazakhstan's economic development, it can be concluded that when pursuing a policy to combat the shadow economy, attention should be placed not so much on reducing its scope as on raising the efficiency of the entire governance system. Furthermore, the state should play a leading role in managing socioeconomic processes.
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| 5 |
ID:
191080
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article is the first attempt to apply Putnis and Sauka's approach to direct measurement of the shadow economy through a survey of company managers in Central Asia. The results of the survey are used to calculate a shadow economy index for 2017 and 2018 in Kyrgyzstan, and to discuss the difference between direct and indirect methods in calculating the size of a shadow economy. We also propose a distinction between shadow economies and informality in general. While a shadow economy is usually understood to arise as a consequence of underreporting of income, we argue that informality is best understood as the aggregate of non-monetary and non-economic practices used in society. Applying this distinction to our case, we suggest that the origins of Kyrgyzstan's shadow economy are not only economic; rather social and cultural processes have had significant effects. This has implications for policy responses that address shadow economic activities.
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| 6 |
ID:
145307
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An unofficial or ‘shadow’ economy like that in contemporary North Korea generates countervailing pressures for a socialist regime. It can buttress the regime by facilitating the cynical use of anti-market laws, alleviating shortages, helping the official economy to function, and creating vested interests in the status quo. On the other hand, the shadow economy can corrode the regime’s power by diminishing its control over society, encouraging scepticism about collective ideologies, and providing networks and material that can be used for opposition to the state. This article analyses these tensions in the DPRK, by drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with North Korean defectors.
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| 7 |
ID:
129304
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| 8 |
ID:
179775
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| Summary/Abstract |
Minimal attention has been given to the ways in which the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) interacts with the informal economy. Drawing on fieldwork investigations and published reports, this article shows how the BRI interacts with the informal economy of illegal wildlife trade in tiger parts and pangolins. It also examines the part played by the practice of land-grabbing in this interaction. The article seeks to make three theoretical contributions. First, it unveils the shadow networks that operate in tandem with formal economic trade. Second, it demonstrates how the economic interdependence of states allows illicit wildlife traders to carve out governance spaces in which they impose their own managerial systems, thus making prosecution of underground wildlife businesses difficult. Third, it concludes that those responsible for the BRI should be mindful of the effect it can have on the environment, particularly on the survival of local wildlife.
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