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| 1 |
ID:
127683
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Armed Forces (Jammu & Kashmir) Special Powers Act (AFSPA) has been in force since the last two decades without a lull in between. More than anything else, it has facilitated violations of human rights on account of several of its draconian provisions. Though originally meant for a limited period, AFSPA has become a permanent feature now. The reports of torture, custodial killings, rapes, forced disappearances, fake encounters continuously pour from the state. Moreover, there is a virtual military rule in the state with 500,000 armed troops (300,000 army troops, 70,000 Rashtriya Rifle soldiers, 130,000 central police forces) to control the people and over 100,000 civilian intelligence and surveillance operatives to monitor them. The AFSPA has emboldened these forces to use excessive force to suppress popular aspiration in order to maintain 'calm' which has resulted in the death of thousands of innocent people. This article argues that this situation is untenable in view of the oft-claimed democratic credentials of India and hence argues for AFSPA's annulment.
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| 2 |
ID:
157472
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines challenges in international nuclear safeguards pertaining to the timely detection of highly enriched uranium production at large-scale gas centrifuge enrichment plants. To establish where present gas centrifuge enrichment plant safeguards measures and approaches could be strengthened, we have created a discrete time model for simulating hypothetical misuse scenarios, both through transient phases and at steady-state. We find that timely detection of misuse at modern large-scale facilities presents a challenge for international safeguards. A toolbox of unattended measurement systems, along with remote monitoring, however, could be used to improve detection timeliness, enabling the initiation of follow-up activities, potentially on a rapid time scale. These measures, which would need very low false alarm rates, should be implemented in a graded approach, depending on the characteristics of each enrichment plant and an analysis of plausible acquisition paths for the State in which it is situated. Some of these technologies could provide significant benefit to plant operators.
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