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| 1 |
ID:
125915
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article traces the formation of the International Migrants Alliance (IMA) through a study of its leading organisations and central campaigns. Founded in 2008 by 108 self-described 'grass-roots' migrant organisations, the IMA is a transnational coalition of groups from nearly every continent of the world. I suggest that through their work in IMA, migrants express a new form of political subjectivity, a form of 'migrant labour transnationalism.' Migrant labour transnationalism, unlike the homeland-oriented, citizenship-based, state-supportive forms of migrant political transnationalism generally identified in the scholarship, is based on counter-hegemonic nationalisms through which migrants contest their home states' complicity with the project of neoliberal globalisation. Migrant labour transnationalism is, moreover, formed through contentious forms of political engagement and new transnational networks through which migrants are cultivating class-based collective identifications.
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| 2 |
ID:
125914
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article argues that all conceptualisations of citizenship are vernacular. Drawing on ethnographic data from two related studies among Mexican immigrants in New York City, the author examines the lived meanings of citizenship and the centrality of (im)mobility in immigrant claims for the rights of citizenship. Citizenship is a contested notion in contemporary immigrant-receiving states. As the United States again debates immigration reform proposals, citizenship is cast as the ultimate prize, a privilege to be bestowed only on the most 'worthy'. Immigrant rights groups advocate for the granting of citizenship and likewise elevate its value and importance in their discourse. Yet, its shifting meanings and manipulation mean that it is not a guarantee of inclusion or rights. The notion of citizenship can simultaneously critique and reinforce neoliberal notions of the relationship between citizen and subject.
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| 3 |
ID:
125911
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article addresses the transformations in migrant political behaviour as people move between countries and how citizenship is exercised in the process. It highlights the limits of formal citizenship in the exercise of membership rights in given political communities. Using survey data from a probability sample drawn from a municipality in Puerto Rico, evidence shows how political activity decreases when circular migrants sojourn in the United States, a country in which they are citizens, but it is indistinguishable from non-migrants when in Puerto Rico. While these US citizens remain at the margin of the political system in the US, they are fully engaged in Puerto Rico's. Citizenship may be a necessary condition to exercise rights of political membership, but it is not enough. A laissez-faire disposition from state and political institutions and an emphasis on individual-based efforts sidelines newcomers to migrant-receiving polities.
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| 4 |
ID:
125913
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article traces the 'otherisation' of US denizens of Haitian descent during the 1980s and 1990s, subsequent to their incorporation into the '4-H club' as 'Haitians', regardless of their citizenship. It argues that by collapsing the categories Haitian-Americans and Haitian immigrants into 'Haitians' and by accusing this collectivity of bringing HIV/AIDS to the United States, the US medical and political leadership and sectors of the media nullified the Haitian-Americans' US citizenship and maligned both groups' identity, promoting their alienation from the larger US population. It concludes with a plea to reframe the concept of citizenship and reassess the normative notion of belonging to the US nation-state.
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| 5 |
ID:
125912
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The literature on transnationalism has emphasised the ways that citizenship practices can transcend borders, for example, enabling migrants to use resources acquired outside of their country of origin to engage politically within it. This literature has not, however, addressed how migrants fall outside of rather than transcend national boundaries. To analyse this condition, we develop the concepts of transnational alienage and foreignness and apply them to the experiences of two groups: (1) US Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) stationed in Central America and Mexico and (2) long-time US residents who were deported to El Salvador. Though positioned quite differently, there are also surprising intersections in FSOs' and deportees' social locations. These intersections shed light on the forms of citizenship and alterity created by the transnational security regimes in which both FSOs and deportees are situated. Our analysis draws on interviews conducted in the US, Mexico and Central America between 2008 and 2010.
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| 6 |
ID:
125910
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
A variety of phenomena including mass migrations, diasporas, dual citizenship arrangements, neoliberal economic reforms and global social justice movements have since the 1970s produced shifting boundaries and meanings of citizenship within and beyond the Americas. This special issue builds upon, but also extends, prior discussions on transnational citizenship, by situating new practices of 'immigrant' and 'emigrant' citizenship and the policies that both facilitate and delimit them in a broader political-economic context and accounts for how new forms of neoliberal governance shape such practices. The essays included here draw from a range of disciplines and inter-disciplinary perspectives that focus on migration between the United States and countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which in recent years have been transformed into 'emigrant states.'
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