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ID:
138422
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| Summary/Abstract |
What explains variation in immigration policy, especially policy regulating low-skill workers? A common argument invokes prejudice against foreigners as an explanation for why nations close their economies to immigrants. This prejudice has been ubiquitous throughout history even as immigration policies changed. Social theories of this sort may be descriptively true but are not helpful in predicting variation in policy. Other scholars have turned to the role that native labor plays in protecting its interests against immigration, but they have not explained why labor is able to restrict immigration when it has not been able to restrict trade, even though open trade has wreaked as much, if not more, havoc on labor. A third group of scholars focuses on states' concerns about the fiscal costs of immigrants as an explanation for the changes in policy over time. While fiscal costs are likely to play a role, this argument cannot explain exclusion prior to the creation of the modern welfare state in the early twentieth century. Finally, a fourth group of scholars has examined the power of immigrants themselves. While immigrants clearly affect immigration policy in democracies, they have never been a sufficiently large plurality of the polity to be able to change policy on their own, and they have less voice in autocracies where they can more easily be deported.
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| 2 |
ID:
128306
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study examines the relationships among economic growth, domestic investment, real exchange rate and trade openness in Indonesia using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test. The results suggest that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables. All the estimated coefficients of the long-run equation have the correct positive signs and significant at least at the 5 per cent level. Specifically, in the long run, a 1 per cent increase in trade openness leads to about 26.5 per cent increase in Indonesian real GDP, a 1 per cent increase in domestic investment will spur real GDP by 1.8 per cent, and a 1 per cent depreciation of the rupiah raises real GDP by about 6.4 per cent. The results from the Granger causality test suggest that all the variables affect real GDP in the short run. Both trade openness and gross domestic investment cause growth unidirectionally in the short run, but feedback occurs between growth and the real exchange rate. The evidences suggest that trade openness, gross domestic investment and the exchange rate are important determinants of economic growth and therefore policy makers should seriously take these variables into account in their policy construct in order to achieve sustained economic growth in Indonesia. Specifically, Indonesia should liberalise foreign trade, improve the domestic investment climate and maintain exchange rate stability.
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