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| 1 |
ID:
128326
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Migration has been a regular concept in the history of Afghanistan where nomads roamed the land in search of basic necessities, while parents sent their young sons to trading centre for business and employment. Also, internal dislocation among families during conflict and tribal feuds has been a major cause of migration became predominant in and around Afghanistan with the need for development and better living standard forcing locals to migrate internally and externally. Over the years, pashtuns as the major ethnic group, spread out in large numbers, and other ethnic group, spread out in large numbers, and other ethnic groups such as the Hazaras crossed in to Iran also took place regularly, culminating in an exchange of cultural, religious and ethnic migratory routes.
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| 2 |
ID:
128325
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the wake of the 21st century, the cyber world to spread its roots deep in to the society and penetrated the lives of the people so much so that the internet became an indispensable part of the citizens' life, thus upgrading them to the status of netizens. Moreover technology in cyber space gained dynamism, increasing the population of netizens. This became possible in the cyber space not because all the citizens became technically sound but also because the cyber technology became more user friendly. Nevertheless, the highs of the liberty of express was readily available in the cyber space by virtue of the very low level of restrictions and legal barriers applies by the government of the countries in the cyber space.
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| 3 |
ID:
128324
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Is there a limit to human will? Is geography a constraint or a legitimate determinant which checks human zeal? Are political geographers overtly deterministic in their analyses and detached to the possibilities of human capabilities? Or are they prudent realists who see the world as it is and not how it should be? These questions from the essence of the use of geopolitics in strategy formulation. It is often rued that American power oscillates among the Vietnam psyche of interventionism, regime change, human rights and promulgation of the liberal international system even at stretched cost. The wars of Iraq and Afghanistan are symptomatic of the former while the Yugoslavian war intervention was symptomatic of the latter. Renowned strategist Robert D Kaplan argues that while there are many human process at work, such extremes can be avoided if nations priorities one major factor in their calculation: geography.
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| 4 |
ID:
128322
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
For the next few decades, the Arctic will provide problems and prospects which may induce inevitable competition for the lion`s share among the stakeholders. While the arctic was perceived as an undiscovered area and a non-navigable ice cap in the past, recent environmental and scientific changes have brought to the fore the assets of the region. The current size of the ice cape has shrunk by more than 40 percent compared to its size in the late 1970s, which has disclosed an area of open water. The enlarged open water provides the opportunity to explore more economic benefits, and for larger marine and other military activities. The major stakeholders sharing the coastal line of the Arctic are eight states member of the Arctic Council: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Presently, these states are putting in their utmost efforts in to investigating and participating in exploring the Arctic, which will be the foundation of the legal claim for sovereignty.
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| 5 |
ID:
128323
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since its inception, nuclear technology has evoked a sense of zeal as well as awe because of its immense constructive and destructive potential. By now, the world has come a long way, experiencing both: around 540 nuclear reactors operating in countries producing 372,000 MWe (13.5 percent of the world`s electricity), radioactive materials used in many sectors enriching human life; on the other hand, two nuclear bomb have been used in war and around 19,000 more are stockpiled; during the same time, three major nuclear accidents occurred, resulting in some human suffering, and misuse of nuclear material by non-states actors is widely apprehended. Therefore, the balance sheet may be argued to be mixed, implying that we succeeded as much we failed with nuclear technology. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, what would be the fate of nuclear technology or which direction the nuclear energy discourse will move in has been a matter of speculation. This study, premised on the assumption that nuclear technology or nuclear energy cannot be ignored as it has an edge over other for a better management paradigm by looking beyond the design basis threats to address inherent loopholes. Deconstructing the real and assumed threats (accident, misuse, and terror), this study prescribes a coherent and integrated strategy devoid of political and social panic.
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