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VARIABLE GEOMETRY (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   136052


Financing the UN development system and the future of multilateralism / Jenks, Bruce   Article
Jenks, Bruce Article
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Summary/Abstract This article seeks to accomplish four tasks. It explores the historical relationship between the financing instruments that dominated different phases of the evolution of the UN development system and the understanding of the concept of multilateralism. Bearing in mind this historical context, it seeks to analyse the defining characteristics of multilateral finance in the context of the UN, in particular the characteristics that make a financial instrument more or less multilateral. It then explores a number of new financial instruments and their possible impact on the future shape multilateralism takes in the UN system. The article concludes with some thoughts on financing for a new multilateralism. In order to go beyond the core/non-core stalemate, it is necessary to develop a new variable geometry based on function, which brings into play assessed, negotiated pledges, voluntary core and non-core instruments.
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2
ID:   128990


Poland, variable geometry and the enlarged European Union / Schweiger, Christian   Journal Article
Schweiger, Christian Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract This article examines the role of Poland in the European Union, where the traditional Franco-German leadership axis has been replaced by a new 'variable geometry' of leadership constellations across a variety of policy areas. In this setting Poland has the potential to move from maintaining an initially passive role as a policy-taker towards becoming an agenda-setter alongside other larger and more traditionally dominant member states, especially Germany. However, Poland's success in this matter and subsequent influence on a variety of European Union policy areas, particularly the single market and the European Union's external relations, will substantially depend on the extent of its economic recovery from the effects of the global economic recession and wider developments in the European Union's debt crisis as well as its willingness to engage in constellations of member states that go beyond its traditional partners.
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