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| 1 |
ID:
192267
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| Summary/Abstract |
The budget system is a fundamental component of modern constitutional politics. It works for the establishment of not only the fiscal discipline, but also for parliamentary control over tax and fiscal policies. This study aims to portray controversy between these two principles over the legislation of the General Budget Act for 1303/1924-25, the first comprehensive budget law in Iran. An analysis of parliamentary and other contemporary sources reveals how the National Assembly prioritized their control over budget-making, whereas Administrator General of Finance Millspaugh (1922–1927) struggled to maintain fiscal discipline. The lack of cooperation between them consequently benefitted Prime Minister Reza Khan (1923–1925; later Reza Shah Pahlavi 1925–1941), who desired to seize full control of state finance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the constitutional politics on the eve of Pahlavi rule, as well as the process of Reza Khan’s rise to power.
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| 2 |
ID:
129632
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Over the last twenty-five years the constitutional landscape of Southeast Asia has changed tremendously. As in the rest of world, states in the region are dramatically alerting their constitutions, often putting in place institutional safeguard for individual rights, such as constitutional court and human right commission. Yet despite the numerous formal changes, actual constitutional practice in the region has been highly uneven. Four areas are particularly contested: constitutional drafting and design; individual and religious rights. The role of the military in constitutional politics; and the rule of law, court and justice. How states in Southeast Asia resolve unfolding conflicts in these four areas will be critical to how constitutionalism evolves in the region. Replacing traditional legal scholarship with a new perspective on how constitutional politics are contested in the region, this article seeks to advance the unfolding constitutionalism trajectories and assessing whether countries in the region are actually deepening constitutional practice in a Western liberal sense or whether the model that seems to be emerging is quite different.
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