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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
129682
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Globalisation involves geographically wider transaction networks and has multiple interrelated dimensions. The globalisation process has geographical scope, volume and density of transactions, and a direction and pace of change. Globalization has a long history, and the local and the global have almost continuously interacted. Most forward changes have been incremental, and there have also been major reversals or almost complete system-breakdowns. There are numerous drivers of globalization of different types, persons, and groups with varying motives, and anonymous drivers like technology, weather, and disease. The article devotes most attention to a review of selected patterns and trends in contemporary globalisation These are climate change; demographic trends, income inequality, and migration; security concerns, technology, and peacekeeping; competing ideologies; the global economy, equities, trade, banking reform, and tax havens; and shifting power relationships among the United States, Europe, China, Japan, and Emerging Markets.
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| 2 |
ID:
171257
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| Summary/Abstract |
This note provides a survey of the practice of States on ADIZs. It is found that while some ADIZs are entirely within territorial airspace, most extend beyond the outer limit into the airspace above the EEZs and even the high seas; and in the part beyond territorial airspace, transiting aircraft are prevalently subject to identification. Transiting military aircraft, which most of the time refuse to identify themselves voluntarily by submitting a flight plan or reporting their positions, may nevertheless be identified passively through radar detection, radio communication or close visual check. As most ADIZs are within the claiming State’s FIRs, transiting civil aircraft can be identified “unconsciously” through civil air traffic control. Where an ADIZ extends beyond the claiming State’s FIRs, most transiting civil aircraft comply with voluntary identification measures, presumably due to the light extra burden incurred. The non-compliant are easy to identify through passive means such as radar detection and radio communication, with the use of close visual check highly unnecessary.
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