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| 1 |
ID:
130525
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Turkey achieved major gains through its military intervention in Cyprus following the Greek junta's coup against Cypriot president Archbishop Makarios in July 1974. Yet Turkey has been repeatedly frustrated by its inability to capitalize on its military accomplishment and to achieve a political settlement that adequately safeguards Turkish and Turkish-Cypriot interests. This essay traces Turkish policy in Cyprus since 1974 and explains how the Turkish government led by the Justice and Development Party revised Ankara's Cyprus policy to advance Turkey's accession to the European Union. The fading prospects of Turkey's EU membership have diminished Ankara's interest in playing an active role in achieving a Cyprus settlement.
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| 2 |
ID:
130526
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay attempts to assess the consequences of the so-called Helsinki Strategy since its creation at the Helsinki European Council of December 1999. It analyzes the strategy's interrelations with other processes involved in developments related to the Cyprus problem. Despite the fears and criticisms expressed at the time and the complex of events and processes that followed, the decisions affecting Cyprus, Turkey, and Greece at the Helsinki Council reflected a degree of "Europeanization" of a conflict situation. It is also argued that the contents of the Annan Plan for Cyprus's reunification and the outcomes of the referenda on that plan in 2004 are not the results of the Helsinki Strategy but have a different origin.
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| 3 |
ID:
130531
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Throughout its history, Cyprus has proven to be something of a political enigma. It had been inhabited by Greeks since the second millennium BC. They sometimes called it Aphrodite's island, because according to Greek mythology, the goddess was born near the city of Paphos, having risen from the sea foam of the Mediterranean.
Due to its strategic location, the island was occupied by several major powers over the centuries: by the Romans, later by the Byzantines (becoming part of the Byzantine Empire), by Arabs, the Crusaders, the Venetians, and in 1570 by the Ottomans. In 1878 the Ottomans leased the island to the British, in 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus, and in 1925 Cyprus was declared a British crown colony. It remained under the British rule until 1960, when, after a difficult struggle, Cyprus attained its independence.
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| 4 |
ID:
130195
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| Publication |
2014.
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The new government led by President Park Geun-hye faced challenges that the previous government had largely failed to address: rising income disparity, stagnant growth, political reform, and foreign policy issues, including a nuclear North Korea and an assertive Japan. Park's foreign policy scored some successes while her old- style management of political affairs supported by the old guard caused a prolonged political stalemate with the opposition party.
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| 5 |
ID:
130196
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The year 2013 in Taiwan was marked by a lackluster economy and stalemated politics. President Ma Ying-jeou's approval rating hit an all-time low. Still, Taiwan's relations with China were smooth, and Taiwan was able to make some gains in the international arena.
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| 6 |
ID:
130938
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Ten years after the U.S. invasion and two years after the complete withdrawal of American forces from its soil, Iraq faces a number of challenges to its long-term stability and development. These range from corruption to poor public services, from rising terrorist violence to ethnosectarian tensions in the context of a complex power-sharing system. An important, but often overlooked, aspect of Iraq's political scene concerns the dispute between the federal government and the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) over the management of the country's and the Kurdish region's natural resources and over appropriate revenue-sharing mechanisms. The parties have been stuck in a costly political stalemate for the past few years, as the absence of a federal hydrocarbon law has discouraged international investment in Iraq's natural resources, and oil extracted from KRG-controlled fields has had only intermittent access to international markets.
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| 7 |
ID:
130533
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Moves to resume the United Nations-led Cyprus peace talks in 2014 have given hope of an end to the island's long-lived division. Factors that shape the prospects for progress now include the February 2013 election of a new, prosettlement Cypriot government and the discovery of offshore natural gas reserves, the cooperative development of which could help build bridges among the stakeholders. While Turkey is entering a long electoral period in which Cyprus is a sensitive issue, it should consider more creative steps toward fostering a settlement. More broadly, each side needs to convince the other that it is serious about reaching a settlement, and the United States and United Kingdom should be more active in encouraging one.
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