| Summary/Abstract |
There is no disputing the importance of the world’s oceans for global trade, 90% of which relies on maritime routes. However, while maritime trading routes are sources of prosperity and wealth, they are also characterised by high levels of criminal activity. Trafficking in all types of goods, from drugs to weapons to people, relies on maritime transport. Illegal, unauthorised and under-reported (IUU) fishing, or the theft of fishing stocks, poses serious environmental challenges, and IUU fishing vessels are themselves useful tools for smuggling. Piracy preys on shipping and can pose serious challenges to trade.
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