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ETHNIC CLEAVAGES
(2)
answer(s).
Srl
Item
1
ID:
152411
Language, religion, and ethnic civil war
/ Bormann, Nils-Christian ; Vogt, Manuel ; Cederman, Lars-Erik
Cederman, Lars-Erik
Journal Article
0 Rating(s) & 0 Review(s)
Summary/Abstract
Are certain ethnic cleavages more conflict-prone than others? While only few scholars focus on the contents of ethnicity, most of those who do argue that political violence is more likely to occur along religious divisions than linguistic ones. We challenge this claim by analyzing the path from linguistic differences to ethnic civil war along three theoretical steps: (1) the perception of grievances by group members, (2) rebel mobilization, and (3) government accommodation of rebel demands. Our argument is tested with a new data set of ethnic cleavages that records multiple linguistic and religious segments for ethnic groups from 1946 to 2009. Adopting a relational perspective, we assess ethnic differences between potential challengers and the politically dominant group in each country. Our findings indicate that intrastate conflict is more likely within linguistic dyads than among religious ones. Moreover, we find no support for the thesis that Muslim groups are particularly conflict-prone.
Key Words
Civil Wars
;
Religion
;
Language
;
Internal armed Conflict
;
Ethnic Cleavages
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2
ID:
132316
Negative reciprocity in an environment of violent conflict: experimental evidence from the occupied Palestinian territories
/ Schubert, Manuel; Lambsdorff, Johann Graf
Schubert, Manuel
Journal Article
0 Rating(s) & 0 Review(s)
Publication
2014.
Summary/Abstract
How is negative reciprocity cultivated in an environment of violent conflict? This study investigates how students in the West Bank react to unfair proposals in an ultimatum game. Proposals submitted with Hebrew as compared to Arab handwriting are rejected more often. Israelis must offer 15 percent more of a given stake than Palestinians in order to achieve the same probability of acceptance. This willingness to lose money by rejecting proposals reveals a preference for discrimination against Israelis, cultivated in the conflict-ridden environment. Students who voice a militant attitude, surprisingly, do not reveal a higher tendency to discriminate, exercising a high degree of negative reciprocity toward all unfair proposals. But those who favor a political role for Islam have a higher inclination to discriminate. This implies that ethnic and religious cleavages do not consistently generate in-group solidarity.
Key Words
Violence
;
Economic Sanctions
;
Game Theory
;
Conflicts
;
West Bank
;
Violent Conflict
;
Ottoman Empire
;
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
;
Bargaining
;
Militarized Disputes
;
Palestinian Territories
;
Arab - Israel Conflicts
;
Enduring Rivalries
;
Ultimatum Game
;
Environment Conflicts
;
Conflict-Ridden Environment
;
Ethnic Cleavages
;
Religious Cleavages
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