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| 1 |
ID:
176382
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| 2 |
ID:
101165
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| Publication |
2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper investigates changes in aggregate labor share in China during 1978 and 2007 with a particular focus on the 1995-2007 period during which official statistics report a drop of 12.45 percentage points in labor's share of national income (labor share). Our main findings are: (1) The reported fall in aggregate labor share is overstated. According to the official statistics released by the NBS (2007a), the labor share fell 5.25 percentage points from 2003 to 2004. However this dramatic decline, 42.16% of the total reported decline of the labor share from 1995 to 2007, is completely due to the changes in the way NBS break down the operating surplus state-owned and collective-owned farms and the mixed income of the owners of individual economy; (2) For the last three decades, two main forces have been driving shifts in the aggregate labor share: (i) structural transformation between the agriculture and non-agriculture sectors and (ii) shifts in the labor share within the industry sector; (3) From 1995 to 2003, these two effects are both negative and together drive down aggregate labor share by 5.48 percentage points. The structural change explains 61.31% of the decline and the remaining 38.69% of the decline is due to the changes in the labor share within sectors, primarily in the industry sector; (4) Labor share in agriculture is lower than labor share in services. Therefore, when the service sector grows relative to the agriculture sector in the economy, the aggregate labor share of income declines; and (5) Restructuring of the SOEs and expanded monopoly power are the main reasons for the decline of labor share within industry after 1998. Relative price shifts, the factor input ratio, and biased technological progress are all insignificant forces for this decline because the substitution between factors in the industry sector is nearly unit elastic.
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| 3 |
ID:
154533
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper assesses Vietnam's recent experience with reforming its state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector and discusses potential ways forward. It does so by: reviewing the economic principles that account for the motivations and shortcomings of state ownership; taking stock of stylized facts about the SOE sector; and assessing the legal and institutional reforms and equitizations that have taken place over the last years. The current focus on microeconomic approaches to firm productivity is highly misleading and a broader reform perspective of Vietnam's development model is needed. While there is little compelling evidence that the state of the SOE sector is as dismal as some analysts suggest, the paper highlights an increasing implementation lag of the legal reform progress — reflecting fault lines in Vietnam's political economy. SOEs can and should play a vital role in Vietnam's development strategy going forward. However, a more precise vision for the sector, based on a more elaborate assessment of market failures and externalities in different parts of the economy, is needed.
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| 4 |
ID:
021275
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| Publication |
March-April 2002.
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| Description |
8-16
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| 5 |
ID:
090125
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Cyprus, together with Gibraltar and Malta, constituted the 'crown jewels' of British sea power in the Mediterranean during the Second World War. Being deployed on Cyprus the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force could fight the Germans and Italians in the Southeast Mediterranean, thus inhibiting the continuous supply with troops and war material of the Africa Corps of Field Marshall Ervin Rommel. This article aims to shed light on the activities of the Special Operations Executive on the island. Citing recently declassified files we assess the espionage and propaganda as well as the guerrilla warfare contingencies in case of an Axis invasion of Cyprus. We provide a critical assessment of the British guerrilla warfare strategy, arguing that the SOE and the 25th Army Corps based on Cyprus had not been well prepared to counter aggression due to inter-service rivalries, bad planning and lack of manpower. Besides, the SOE distrusted the Greek-Cypriots and the Turkish-Cypriots to the extent that the training of guerrillas was planned to commence only after a successful invasion and the occupation of the island. Finally, SOE officers considered the Cypriot communists with their anti-colonialist declarations as another threat to be confronted with special operations.
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| 6 |
ID:
061104
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| 7 |
ID:
160601
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| Summary/Abstract |
A CURIOUS DOG first leapt out of the bushes. It sniffed everything around it. Then it ran on. There was its mistress. The high boots that in England are called Wellingtons. Khaki jodhpurs. A green oilcloth jacket with a brown velvet collar. And the woman herself was a blonde with a distinctive (if not characteristic) bump in her nose, clearly passed down from her Norman ancestors.
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| 8 |
ID:
162822
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THIS is the continuation of our efforts to find out who were the women whom Soviet intelligence planted as secret agents in Western Europe via Britain in 1941-1943. They went ashore in the UK with Soviet passports to the names of Maria Dicksen, Yelena Nikitina, Emilia Novikova, Anna Uspenskaya, and Anna Frolova.
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