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NATIONAL ACTOR (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   132949


Authoritarian environmentalism undermined: local leaders' time horizons and environmental policy implementation in China / Eaton, Sarah; Kostka, Genia   Journal Article
Eaton, Sarah Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract China's national leaders see restructuring and diversification away from resource-based, energy intensive industries as central goals in the coming years. On the basis of extensive fieldwork in China between 2010 and 2012, we suggest that the high turnover of leading cadres at the local level may hinder state-led greening growth initiatives. Frequent cadre turnover is intended primarily to keep local Party secretaries and mayors on the move in order to promote the implementation of central directives. While rotation does seem to aid implementation by reducing coordination problems, there are also significant downsides to local leaders changing office every three to four years. Officials with short time horizons are likely to choose the path of least resistance in selecting quick, low-quality approaches to the implementation of environmental policies. We conclude that the perverse effects of local officials' short time horizons give reason to doubt the more optimistic claims about the advantages of China's model of environmental authoritarianism.
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2
ID:   132944


Reading the tea leaves: Medvedev's presidency through political rhetoric of federal and sub-national actors / Baturo, Alexander; Mikhaylov, Slava   Journal Article
Baturo, Alexander Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract In the absence of public information on the inner workings of the Russian political regime, especially during Medvedev's presidency, outside observers often have to rely on politicians' unguarded comments or subjective analysis. Instead, we turn to quantitative text analysis of political rhetoric. Treating governors as a quasi-expert panel, we argue that policy positions revealed in regional legislative addresses explain how elites perceived the distribution of power between Putin and Medvedev. We find that governors moved from a neutral position in 2009 to a clearly pro-Putin position in 2011, and that policy initiatives advocated by Medvedev all but evaporated from the rhetoric of governors in 2012.
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