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| 1 |
ID:
133039
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Indian Government's National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) seeks to deliver renewable energy services to households across the country by facilitating the deployment of family-sized (<6 m3) anaerobic (biogas) digesters. NBMMP policy is implemented at three levels, from government and state nodal agency, via private contractors to households, creating multiple institutional arrangements. We analysed the scheme in Assam, north-east India, focusing on how policy was implemented across two districts and interviewing stakeholders in rural households, state and non-state institutions. The top-down, supply-side approach to policy enables government to set targets and require individual states to deploy the scheme, which benefits households who can afford to participate. NBMMP delivered improved energy service outcomes to a majority of households, although the level of knowledge and understanding of the technology amongst users was limited. Training and education of householders, and particularly women, is needed in relation to the maintenance of digesters, feedstock suitability and the environmental and potential livelihood benefits of digestate. A revised bottom-up approach to policy, which highlights the contextual and demand-side issues around adopting the technology, may deliver monetary benefits from market competition and enable development of community-focused microfinance schemes to improve the affordability of biogas systems.
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| 2 |
ID:
181765
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| Summary/Abstract |
The energy costs have increased substantially in recent years due to widespread development in India. Vast agro and animal waste resources are available which can easily be harnessed for biogas production economically Recently, there has been a renewed interest to revive the National biogas programme to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. India has set a target of reducing oil imports by 10% through the increased use of natural gas contribution in the current energy mix of 6.5%–15% by 2022. In this study the new Indian biogas policy initiatives for biogas production, new plant designs are presented along with a comparative analysis of the policy with similar policies of selected countries. The flaws in the past implementation of Indian bio-gas programmes, biogas technology as per most recent data along with identifying gaps in the new Indian biogas policy, are presented. A strategy is outlined to utilize large quantities of available food, agro and animal waste resources for a sustainable bio-gas policy as per UN sustainable development goal numbers 1, 7 and 13. The need for a sustainable biogas policy is emphasized to provide a clean fuel for cooking, heating, and lighting with focus on rural poor worldwide.
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