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ID:
133086
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Recent interest in biofuels and bio-refineries has been building upon the technology of biomass gasification. This technology developed since the 1980s in three periods, but failed to break through. We try to explain this by studying the technological development from a quasi-evolutionary perspective, drawing upon the concepts of technological paradigms and technological trajectories. We show that the socio-economic context was most important, as it both offered windows of opportunity as well as provided direction to developments. Changes in this context resulted in paradigm shifts, characterized by a change in considered end-products and technologies, as well as a change in companies involved. Other influences on the technological trajectory were firm specific differences, like the focus on a specific feedstock, scale and more recently biofuels to be produced. These were strengthened by the national focus of supporting policies, as well as specific attention for multiple technologies in policies of the USA and European Commission. Over each period we see strong variation that likely benefitted the long term development of the technology. Despite policy efforts that included variation and institutionalization, our case shows that the large changes in socio-economic context and the technological challenges were hard to overcome.
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| 2 |
ID:
176820
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| Summary/Abstract |
Wind energy has gained significant support to be one of the primary sources of near-zero-emission energy systems. Based on the technological paradigm theory and employing a novel data analysis system (DAS), this paper provides an overview of wind energy technological developments. With key energy law and policy decisions highlighted, the visualization process clearly identified the three technological paradigmatic stages; competition, diffusion and shift; from which it is found that wind-based hybrid energy systems appear to give better promising trajectory in the future than wind energy technologies that rely only on onshore or offshore winds. However, with market maturation, the challenges associated with increasing share, energy storage, motivational conflicts, demand responses and optimal scheduling emerge and are expected to be resolved. From the paradigm shift investigation, a comprehensive sustainable framework for a six-stage hybrid wind-photovoltaic energy system is proposed. Recommendations on policy shifts to encourage technological innovation, regional differentiation, improve monitoring & evaluation systems and the implementation of smart grid are also given to address the incentives that need to be provided.
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