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ID: 133148

Importance of policy for energy system transformation: diffusion of PV technology in Japan and Germany / Chowdhury, Sanjeeda; Sumita, Ushio; Islam, Ashraful; Bedja, Idriss

Chowdhury, Sanjeeda	Journal Article
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2014.

Summary/Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) has the highest cost reduction potential among all renewable energy sources (RES). To overcome institutional barriers, developing the technology, and creating an initial market, policies are needed. Comparative case studies of Japan and German PV sector from 1990 to 2011 were developed. Japan dominated the PV industry during 1994-2004, PV market increased to 290 MW in 2005. After 2005 Japan×s PV market decreased. German PV market increased from 44 MW in 2000 to 7.5 GW in 2011. The reason behind Japanese PV market decline was the unaligned energy policy and termination of incentives. This paper discusses about successful policy implementation and the impact of policy for the diffusion of PV technology. The analysis section of this paper shows how much the PV technology has been diffused during the period of 1990-2011 and finally what will make the transformation process successful.

Key Words

Nuclear Energy ; Japan ; Germany ; Environmental Policy ; Energy Policy ; Renewable energy sources ;
Feed-in Tariff ; PV diffusion ; Cost Reduction ; Photovoltaic Technology

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ID: 150874

Survey informed PV-based cost-effective electrification options for rural sub-Saharan Africa / Opiyo, Nicholas

Opiyo, Nicholas	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

A comprehensive survey is carried out in Kendu Bay area of Kenya to determine electrification patterns of a typical rural sub-Saharan Africa community and to determine the reasons behind such energy choices. The data from the survey is used to build a transition probability matrix (TPM) for different electrification states for Kendu Bay households. The TPM and the survey data are used to model temporal diffusion of PV systems and PV-based communal (mini/micro) grids in the area. Survey data show that majority of Kendu Bay residents shun the national grid due to high connection fees, unreliability of the system, and corruption; people who can afford-to choose small solar home systems for their basic electricity needs. Without any government policy intervention or help, simulation results show that once 100% electrification status has been achieved in Kendu Bay, only 26% of the residents will be found to be electrified through the national grid alone; the majority (38%) will be electrified through PV-based communal grids while the remaining 36% will be electrified through grid connected PV home systems (26%) or grid connected communal grids (10%).

Key Words

Rural Electrification ; Energy Survey ; PV diffusion ; Communal Gridding ; Transition Probabilities

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