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| 1 |
ID:
130530
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The eastern Mediterranean, and particularly Cyprus, had been set for some sort of international crisis throughout 2013. Many tense situations become spring loaded by their circumstances, and no one can predict what, if anything, might set them off. But in the politics of the eastern Mediterranean, there are so many hefty mice at large that it is increasingly likely that at least one of the them will run across the pressure plate, probably sooner rather than later. The fact is that Cyprus finds itself caught in the shockwaves of a number of upheavals in the Middle East and in Europe and in the increasingly fraught politics of the eastern Mediterranean itself-and at a time when the Cypriot government is least able to operate independently and navigate its own diplomacy in its own national interests.
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| 2 |
ID:
130525
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Turkey achieved major gains through its military intervention in Cyprus following the Greek junta's coup against Cypriot president Archbishop Makarios in July 1974. Yet Turkey has been repeatedly frustrated by its inability to capitalize on its military accomplishment and to achieve a political settlement that adequately safeguards Turkish and Turkish-Cypriot interests. This essay traces Turkish policy in Cyprus since 1974 and explains how the Turkish government led by the Justice and Development Party revised Ankara's Cyprus policy to advance Turkey's accession to the European Union. The fading prospects of Turkey's EU membership have diminished Ankara's interest in playing an active role in achieving a Cyprus settlement.
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| 3 |
ID:
130526
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay attempts to assess the consequences of the so-called Helsinki Strategy since its creation at the Helsinki European Council of December 1999. It analyzes the strategy's interrelations with other processes involved in developments related to the Cyprus problem. Despite the fears and criticisms expressed at the time and the complex of events and processes that followed, the decisions affecting Cyprus, Turkey, and Greece at the Helsinki Council reflected a degree of "Europeanization" of a conflict situation. It is also argued that the contents of the Annan Plan for Cyprus's reunification and the outcomes of the referenda on that plan in 2004 are not the results of the Helsinki Strategy but have a different origin.
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| 4 |
ID:
130528
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay explains how Cyprus is positioned to play a constructive and stabilizing role in the eastern Mediterranean and how valuable this role can be for the foreign and security policy of the European Union. Offshore hydrocarbon discoveries in Cyprus's exclusive economic zone can transform the island into a regional energy hub and an important pillar for Europe's energy security and diversification. At the same time, these discoveries can create an additional impetus to end the long division of the island
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| 5 |
ID:
130522
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Now the island lies in ruins, it is partially occupied, untold refugees have been created, and the American Ambassador has been killed."1 Thus wrote the late Greek American James Pyrros, political aide to Congressman Lucien Nedzi, in his diary as tensions on the island of Cyprus between Greece and Turkey reached their zenith on 19 August 1974. Since then, a political impasse has existed. Is Cyprus on the cusp of a significant political change in the situation that has existed more or less since the summer of 1974, when the island experienced a Greek-inspired coup followed by two Turkish military offensives that
have left it divided?
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| 6 |
ID:
130531
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Throughout its history, Cyprus has proven to be something of a political enigma. It had been inhabited by Greeks since the second millennium BC. They sometimes called it Aphrodite's island, because according to Greek mythology, the goddess was born near the city of Paphos, having risen from the sea foam of the Mediterranean.
Due to its strategic location, the island was occupied by several major powers over the centuries: by the Romans, later by the Byzantines (becoming part of the Byzantine Empire), by Arabs, the Crusaders, the Venetians, and in 1570 by the Ottomans. In 1878 the Ottomans leased the island to the British, in 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus, and in 1925 Cyprus was declared a British crown colony. It remained under the British rule until 1960, when, after a difficult struggle, Cyprus attained its independence.
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| 7 |
ID:
130532
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The long-standing Cyprus question is deeply influenced and shaped by the complex political and geostrategic environment of the broader Mediterranean region. In addition, Cyprus is key to European and Western power and influence in the greater Middle East and of increasing interest for energy extraction and transportation to markets. This essay lays out the interests of major regional players, including Europe, the United States, Greece, and Turkey, and their impact on Cyprus. Furthermore, it explains how Cyprus figures in the emerging regional energy extraction and transportation arrangements currently being developed by several actors in the region. The author argues that this multifaceted strategic environment must be taken into account in order to find a sustainable way forward on resolving the Cyprus question.
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| 8 |
ID:
130533
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Moves to resume the United Nations-led Cyprus peace talks in 2014 have given hope of an end to the island's long-lived division. Factors that shape the prospects for progress now include the February 2013 election of a new, prosettlement Cypriot government and the discovery of offshore natural gas reserves, the cooperative development of which could help build bridges among the stakeholders. While Turkey is entering a long electoral period in which Cyprus is a sensitive issue, it should consider more creative steps toward fostering a settlement. More broadly, each side needs to convince the other that it is serious about reaching a settlement, and the United States and United Kingdom should be more active in encouraging one.
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