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| 1 |
ID:
062318
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| Publication |
2005.
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| Description |
p153-174
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| Summary/Abstract |
Protracted refugee situations are a critical and growing element in continuing conflict and instability, especially in Africa. Such situations can result in direct security concerns, including the presence of armed elements within the refugee population and the spill-over of conflict across borders, and indirect security concerns, as tensions rise between local populations and refugees over the allocation of scarce resources. Somali refugees in Kenya and Burundian refugees in Tanzania constitute two of the most challenging protracted refugee situations in Africa. The overall response to protracted refugee situations remains fragmented, compartmentalised and ineffective. What is required is a new policy agenda that extends beyond conventional boundaries and seeks to integrate the resolution of chronic and recurring regional refugee problems with economic development and security issues.
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| 2 |
ID:
060635
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| 3 |
ID:
021801
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| Publication |
Spring 2002.
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| Description |
1-26
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| 4 |
ID:
051894
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| Publication |
April 2004.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In most academic literature refugees are portrayed either as those who lack what national citizens have or as a threat to the national order of things. This article explores the effects of being excluded in such a way, and argues that Burundian refugees in a camp in northwest Tanzania find themselves in an ambiguous position, being excluded from the national order of things - secluded in the Tanzanian bush - while simultaneously being subject to state-of-the-art humanitarian interventions - apparently bringing them closer to the international community.
The article explores the ways in which refugees in the camp relate to the international community. Ambiguous perceptions of the international community are expressed in rumours and conspiracy theories. These conspiracy theories create a kind of ontological surety by presenting the Hutu refugees as the victims of a grand Tutsi plot supported by 'the big nations'. Finally, the article argues that refugees - being excluded from the nation-state and being subject to the government of international NGOs - seek recognition from the international community rather than any nation-state. This does not, however, destabilize the hegemony of the nation-state, as refugees perceive their own position as temporary and the international community as the guarantor of a more just international order in the long run.
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