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| 1 |
ID:
188345
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) represents an institutionalized attempt by European Union Member States to respond to the security challenges they confront. This paper discusses the evolution of this policy through the lens of political integration and international relations theories. The analysis integrates both the supranational and the national level, and demonstrates that European institutions have extended their privileges and sphere of influence with increasing organizational mandates. At the same time, participation by various levels in the creation of European security policies has evolved, and the inter-governmental level is often recognized as dominant. However, the question remains open whether this evolution of policy might be properly explained by several influential political theories that have shaped the European integration and security architecture in recent decades. Aspects of the CSDP institutional setting (its creation, goals and role) and the explanation of why security and defense policy is a complex dilemma of the integration process are discussed.
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| 2 |
ID:
171717
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| Summary/Abstract |
Recent plans and enterprises of the Arctic States of Sweden, Norway and Finland – such as the Finnish plan to build a controversial rail line from Rovaniemi to Kirkenes in Norway, relocation of Swedish Kiruna (already in progress), building Markbydgen windfarm in Sweden or construction of a copper mine in Kvalsund, Norway - have put into question the human security of the Sámi. In this paper, the author examines the contents of the new document The Sámi Arctic Strategy. Securing enduring influence for the Sámi people in the Arctic through partnerships, education and advocacy adopted in 2019. Special emphasis is put on the reflections and references to human security of the Sámi. Then the author briefly examines the above examples and how they may or already affect human security of the Sámi. The research questions are: which parts of the new Sámi Arctic Strategy refer to human security? What is the importance of self-determination to human security of the Sámi? Could this Strategy facilitate implementation of the right of the Sámi to self-determination, and as a result improve their human security? The paper attempts to answer these questions in Concluding Remarks.
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| 3 |
ID:
133971
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The phenomenon of so-called failed States poses many challenges for the international community and international law as such. Are such States still international subjects or do they lose their legal personalities? How may respect for the human rights of people living in such States be ensured? What can be done about this failed States problem? Here I will first present the notion of failed States and their characteristic features and then add a few words on the Failed States Index which is the most common instrument used when delving into the failed States issue. The last section will concentrate on the solution to State failure, with special emphasis on a bottom-up approach. In my opinion this solution is highly preferable compared to the others suggested
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