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ID:
177155
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| Summary/Abstract |
The United States (US), the largest economy in the world, emits more carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions each year than any country except China. Therefore, to mitigate the country's CO2 emissions effectively, it is essential to identify the driving forces of its emission changes. Using an extended logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, this study decomposes US aggregate and sectoral emissions changes between 1997 and 2016 into six factors. Also, to seek for the possible mitigation pathways of the US emissions over the period 2020–2030, a scenario analysis is employed. The results indicate that: (1) For the growth of US emissions over 1997–2016, the main influencing factor is the scale effect (income and population), while the technology effect (energy intensity and emission coefficient) is the key driving force in mitigating US emissions; (2) although the structure effect (economic structure and energy consumption structure) also has a mitigating effect on US emissions, it plays a comparatively minor role; and (3) the forecast results suggest that the 2020 target released by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) can be achieved under the moderate and advanced scenarios, while the 2025 target cannot be achieved under the three scenarios.
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| 2 |
ID:
134026
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Budgetary restrictions resulting from the present international economic crisis have tightened the need to improve efficiency in defense spending, leading to the armed forces having to undertake their duties with fewer resources. Previous reports on the subject have looked into the determining factors and effects of military spending but very few studies have analyzed the determinants for the modernization of the methodology for assessing efficiency. Thus, using a multiple regression statistical model, we have analyzed the appraisal systems in place in 28 countries to identify factors that influence the development of economic assessment of military expenditure. Our findings have revealed three factors that may favor the improvement of appraisal systems with regard to military expenditure: the quality of governance, size of the armed forces, and unemployment levels.
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