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| 1 |
ID:
136555
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| Summary/Abstract |
FINANCIAL education is a key intervention strategy in improving consumers’ financial knowledge, but exogenous factors such as cultural differences and socio-economic factors can also affect the levels of financial knowledge. On using an ordered probit model on primary data comprising working adults in Malaysia, this study found that financial illiteracy cuts across gender and age but education, ethnicity, type of profession and the availability of government pension have significant effects on levels of financial knowledge. Furthermore, while most financial behaviour such as budgeting, investments and preparing for financial emergencies is significantly affected by levels of financial knowledge, being in financial distress is not affected by financial knowledge.
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| 2 |
ID:
136554
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| Summary/Abstract |
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the vindication of the savings-led growth hypothesis for the Malaysian economy with the long-run TYDL version of the Granger causality test—Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lütkepohl (1996). This study used the quarterly sample from 1970:Q1 to 2008:Q4. The recursive regression procedure will also incorporate into the TYDL causality test to measure the stability of the savings-led growth hypothesis in the long-run. Our empirical results support that the savings-led growth hypothesis is a long-run phenomenon and stable over time. Therefore, the Malaysian dataset supports the endogenous growth theory.
JEL Classification: C22, E21, O16
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| 3 |
ID:
136557
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| Summary/Abstract |
The aim of this article is to examine the income and employment multiplier effects of the higher education sector in Malaysia based on conventional input–output methodology. We examined simple, total, Type I and Type II income and employment multiplier effects of private and public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. We found that private HEIs have larger direct and indirect income impacts than public HEIs. With the presence of household spending, both public and private HEIs have greater induced income impacts than direct and indirect income generation effects. We also found that Type I multipliers for private and public HEIs lead to additional income of 1.34 and 1.32 for every initial Ringgit of labour income, respectively, while Type II income multipliers for private and public HEIs account for additional income of 3.09 and 3.05, respectively. Higher education creates 1.21 workers per RM 10,000 INVESTMENT. The overall results show that private higher education has a relatively greater income effect on the economy.compared to public higher education. The higher education sector is also found to be ineffective in creating new employment in the economy.
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| 4 |
ID:
134935
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| Summary/Abstract |
We assessed whether intergroup contact at a nation-building intervention in Malaysia improved participants’ perceptions of threat and outgroup evaluations and whether this process was conceptually moderated by group status in a three-group setting. We found evidence of a strong relationship between post-intervention contact and post-intervention outgroup evaluations in all groups and evidence of indirect effects of post-intervention contact on outgroup evaluations by symbolic threat for the minority groups rating the majority group. We found that in the context of institutional inequalities, integrated threat theory may not be sufficiently complex to uncover the processes that underlie the contact–attitude link for majority groups rating minority groups. Further, we found indirect effects of post-intervention contact on outgroup evaluations via realistic threat for interminority group ratings. Thus, we elucidate some of the different mechanisms that underlie the intergroup perceptions of majority and minority group members.
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| 5 |
ID:
135324
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| Summary/Abstract |
The creation of either self-employment or wage-earning job opportunities is considered one of the more effective strategies for sustainable poverty alleviation. The Malaysian government promulgated a national plan for poverty eradication in its Vision 2020 agenda by emphasizing full employment. However, the classic trickle-down effects of large-scale industrialization policies can hardly be expected to reach the bottom-most tier of a country’s poorest group. Instead, more precise tools such as microcredit loans and socio-economic support services would better address hardcore poverty. This paper employs a cross-sectional design with a stratified random sampling method to examine the impact of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia’s (AIM) microcredit programmes for women on employment generation at the client, household and community levels in rural Peninsular Malaysia.
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| 6 |
ID:
134236
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| Summary/Abstract |
The North American scholarship on gated housing communities posits the desire for security as the main driver for gating, but does this hold true for less wealthy countries? To address this question, this study examines evidence of why people live behind gates in Malaysia and Ghana and investigates the socio-economic implications of gating. It uses a critical institutional framework anchored on Foucault’s interpretation of ‘panopticon’ and Runciman’s theory of relative deprivation, while drawing empirical evidence from surveys and emic experiences. It finds that, while security is an important reason, it is the provision of quality housing services that is reported as the single most important reason for living behind gates. ‘Quality service’ is, however, shorthand for a preference for privileged status. Further, the paper reveals that it is more helpful to see the binary between quality and security as constituting a flexible continuum of motives. Inhabitants of gated housing communities may be primarily motivated by quality service or prestige. Yet, as they set themselves up against the rest of society by enclosing themselves in walls of affluence, they begin to feel a need for greater security. This feeling of insecurity is heightened as people outside the gates feel relatively deprived. Thus, the desire for security becomes illusory and attainment of privilege, pyrrhic, while the harsh socio-economic conditions for a large stratum of the urban population living outside the gates persist and are sometimes worsened.
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| 7 |
ID:
136953
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| Summary/Abstract |
The palm oil industry exemplifies the ‘regionalisation without regionalism’ pattern seen in other industries in Asia: extensive, regionally concentrated transnational economic integration accompanied by a low level of formal regional institution-building. Production is concentrated in Malaysia and Indonesia, and Asian countries account for a major share of the market for intermediate products. The ownership structure of palm oil production reflects the dominance of transnational Malaysian and Singaporean firms. There is no authoritative regional institution governing production, investment standards or labour in the industry. A patchwork of both enabling and regulatory governance institutions supports the industry. These are formal and informal, public and private, and are situated at multiple levels: within, below and across the nation state. Although the governance structure surrounding the palm oil industry has supported it well in terms of production volumes and profits, large externalities—environmental and social costs—persist. This article argues that the governance failures associated with the industry stem from different stakeholders' competing interests in contexts of highly unequal wealth and power distribution. Misgovernance is not an unintended consequence of institutions failing to keep up with markets in scale and scope, but is embedded in the multilevel governance regime that supports, and partially regulates, the industry.
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