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CIVIL WAR (1134) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   096219


(Ending) Civil war in the classroom: a peacebuilding simulation / Brynen, Rex   Journal Article
Brynen, Rex Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract There often exists a problematic gap between more theoretical works on war-to-peace transitions, and the practical challenges that peacebuilding operations face in the field. This article describes the use of classroom simulation to highlight the complexity of contemporary multilateral peace operations. It describes the content and mechanics of the simulation, the issues that can arise in its operation, and strategies for most effectively integrating such a simulation into overall course objectives.
Key Words Classroom  Peacebuilding Simulation  Civil War 
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2
ID:   132353


(In)Effectiveness of torture for combating insurgency / Sullivan, Christopher Michael   Journal Article
Sullivan, Christopher Michael Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract It is commonly believed that torture is an effective tool for combating an insurgent threat. Yet while torture is practiced in nearly all counterinsurgency campaigns, the evidence documenting torture's effects remains severely limited. This study provides the first micro-level statistical analysis of torture's relation to subsequent killings committed by insurgent and counterinsurgent forces. The theoretical arguments contend that torture is ineffective for reducing killings perpetrated by insurgents both because it fails to reduce insurgent capacities for violence and because it can increase the incentives for insurgents to commit future killings. The theory also links torture to other forms of state violence. Specifically, engaging in torture is expected to be associated with increased killings perpetrated by counterinsurgents. Monthly municipal-level data on political violence are used to analyze torture committed by counterinsurgents during the Guatemalan civil war (1977-94). Using a matched-sample, difference-in-difference identification strategy and data compiled from 22 different press and NGO sources as well as thousands of interviews, the study estimates how torture is related to short-term changes in killings perpetrated by both insurgents and counterinsurgents. Killings by counterinsurgents are shown to increase significantly following torture. However, torture appears to have no robust correlation with subsequent killings by insurgents. Based on this evidence the study concludes that torture is ineffective for reducing insurgent perpetrated killings.
Key Words Human Rights  Torture  Insurgency  Repression  Civil War 
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3
ID:   093731


55 Years of international affairs: life goes on / Piadyshev, B   Journal Article
Piadyshev, B Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract MEZHDUNARODNAIA ZHIZN', a foreign policy journal, was started in Moscow in 1954 by the popular and influential Znanie (Knowledge) educational society if we trust the imprint. In fact, it was a periodical of the Foreign Ministry of the U.S.S.R.; today, 55 years later, it remains a publication of the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation. The Znanie Society disappeared together with the Soviet Union; today, there is no need to camouflage the editors' close creative and other ties with the Foreign Ministry. In short, I am going to write about the 55th anniversary of the journal.
Key Words Moscow  Znanie Society  Civil War  Soviet Union  Foreign Policy 
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4
ID:   124389


Abiding by the vote: between-groups conflict in international collective action / Schneider, Christina J; Slantchev, Branislav L   Journal Article
Slantchev, Branislav L Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract We analyze institutional solutions to international cooperation when actors have heterogeneous preferences over the desirability of the action and split into supporters and opponents, all of whom can spend resources toward their preferred outcome. We study how actors can communicate their preferences through voting when they are not bound either by their own vote or the outcome of the collective vote. We identify two organizational types with endogenous coercive enforcement and find that neither is unambiguously preferable. Like the solutions to the traditional Prisoners' Dilemma these forms require long shadows of the future to sustain. We then show that cooperation can be sustained through a noncoercive organization where actors delegate execution to an agent. Even though this institution is costlier, it does not require any expertise by the agent and is independent of the shadow of the future, and thus is implementable when the others are not
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5
ID:   151307


Abolition of prize money in the United States navy reconsidered / Crawford, Michael J   Journal Article
Crawford, Michael J Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Efforts to end prize money—monetary awards to naval personnel for the capture of enemy ships and cargoes in wartime—for the United States Navy began shortly after the War of 1812. They were redoubled following the Civil War (1861–1865). But only in 1899 did numerous particularly American motives—ideological, fiscal, pragmatic, psychological, and strategic—unite to put an end to naval prize money in the United States. In contrast, the United Kingdom maintained naval prize money for another fifty years.
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6
ID:   128890


Absent and silenced voice in media representations of Filipina / Saroca, Cleonicki   Journal Article
Saroca, Cleonicki Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract This article explores the absent and silenced voice in Australian newspapers through case studies of two Filipino women - Nenita Westhof and Marylou Orton - who were victims of homicide in Australia. It draws on a feminist discourse analysis of newspaper articles and interviews conducted with their families and friends. The method used is one way of enabling people to hear the stories of those who do not have a voice in the present. Analysing newspaper representations in light of the interviews provides an entirely different, more accurate and just reconstruction of the women's lives. Media representations of Nenita and Marylou bore little resemblance to their 'lived reality'. In most instances, journalists did not acknowledge that the women were victims of domestic violence. Furthermore, sexist, racist and class-based discourses constructed Nenita and Marylou in accordance with dominant representations of Filipino women in Australia. They were held accountable for their own deaths, while their abusive male partners were frequently portrayed as victims of women who abused them. The article argues that such representations sensationalize the issues, misrepresent violence as the women's fault and shift responsibility from the perpetrator to the victim. In the process, they silence women's voices.
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7
ID:   133594


Addressing violent extremism: lessons from Sri Lanka / Robert, Adam   Journal Article
Robert, Adam Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract In the years since the hostilities in Sri Lanka ended in 2009, the understandable international focus on the evidence of war crimes by both sides has diverted attention from certain other questions that emerge from the 26-year conflict between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan government. Here I briefly explore three general questions that have arisen not only in Sri Lanka but also in many other modern conflicts, including those characterised by what is variously called asymmetric warfare, violent extremism or terrorism.
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8
ID:   178207


Adverse rainfall shocks and civil war: myth or reality? / Maertens, Ricardo   Journal Article
Maertens, Ricardo Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract News reports and policymakers frequently link African civil conflicts and wars to agricultural crises caused by droughts. However, empirical studies of the relationship between rainfall and civil conflict or war remain inconclusive. I reexamine this relationship focusing on rainfall over each country’s agricultural land during the growing seasons. I also incorporate that the relationship between rainfall and agricultural output is hump-shaped, as rainfall beyond a threshold decreases output. I find a U-shaped relationship between rainfall and the risk of civil conflict and war in (Sub-Saharan) African countries. This relationship mirrors the hump-shaped relationship between rainfall and agricultural output.
Key Words Africa  Weather  Civil Conflict  Rainfall  Civil War 
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9
ID:   063975


Afghan civil war / Dutt, Sanjay   Article
Dutt, Sanjay Article
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Publication Jun 1989.
Key Words Afghanistan  Civil War 
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10
ID:   017235


Afghan civil war: A many sided conflict / Dixit, Aabha June 1994  Article
Dixit, Aabha Article
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Publication Jun 1994.
Description 359-374
Key Words Afghanistan  Conflict - Afghanistan  Civil War 
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11
ID:   049183


Afghan Turmoil: changing equations / Sreedhar; Ved, Mahendra 1998  Book
Sreedhar Book
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Publication New Delhi, Himalayan Books, 1998.
Description 222p.
Standard Number 81700020700
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Copies: C:2/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
039502303.6409581/SRE 039502MainOn ShelfGeneral 
039503303.6409581/SRE 039503MainOn ShelfGeneral 
12
ID:   050590


Afghanistan: a new history / Ewans, Martin 2001  Book
Ewans, Martin Book
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Publication Surrey, Curzon Press, 2001.
Description ix, 239p.: ill., mapshbk
Standard Number 0700714111
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
045020958.1/EWA 045020MainOn ShelfGeneral 
13
ID:   081609


Afghanistan: a new history / Ewans, Martin 2001  Book
Ewans, Martin Book
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Publication Lahore, Vanguard Books, 2001.
Description ix, 239p.hbk
Standard Number 0700714111
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
053333958.121/EWA 053333MainOn ShelfGeneral 
14
ID:   145544


Afghanistan - Pakistan - India: a paradigm shift / Abdali, Shaida Mohammad 2016  Book
Abdali, Shaida Mohammad Book
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Publication New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2016.
Description xii, 195p.hbk
Standard Number 9788182749030
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
058692327.1/ABD 058692MainOn ShelfGeneral 
15
ID:   124387


Afghanistan in search of blance: afghans should agree among themselves about their future / Safranchuk, Ivan   Journal Article
Safranchuk, Ivan Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract Afghanistan will reach a benchmark in 2014. By the end of that year, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), a NATO-based coalition led by the U.S. since 2001, will withdraw from the country. Presidential elections will be held in Afghanistan in the second half of 2014.
Key Words Security  Afghanistan  Civil War 
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16
ID:   111780


Afghans look at 2014 / Barfield, Thomas   Journal Article
Barfield, Thomas Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract "While many Afghans are highly ambivalent about the presence of foreign forces in their country, they fear a return to civil war even more."
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17
ID:   052862


African militaries and rebellion: the political economy of thre / Herbst, Jeffrey May 2004  Journal Article
Herbst, Jeffrey Journal Article
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Publication May 2004.
Key Words Economy  Insurgency  African Militaries  Civil War 
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18
ID:   172844


African Solutions to African Challenges: the Role of Legitimacy in Mediating Civil Wars in Africa / Duursma, Allard   Journal Article
Duursma, Allard Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of civil wars draws predominantly on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. I argue that legitimacy also determines outcomes of mediation because if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutually satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties toward compliance. I show that legitimacy matters by systematically comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically considered ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, they effectively mediate civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type in conflicts there. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2017, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African ones, African third parties are far more likely to conclude negotiated settlements that are more likely to be durable. African third parties are especially effective if the conflict parties are highly committed to the African solutions norm. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that puts forward solely rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this article supplements the current mediation literature that emphasizes material sources of power and ignores social structures.
Key Words Conflict Resolution  Africa  International mediation  Legitimacy  Norms  Capacity 
Civil War 
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19
ID:   117632


After ethnic civil war: ethno-nationalism in the Western Balkans / Dyrstad, Karin   Journal Article
Dyrstad, Karin Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract While the study of the causes of civil war is a well-established subdiscipline in international relations, the effects of civil war on society remain less understood. Yet, such effects could have crucial implications for long-term stability and democracy in a country after the reaching of a peace agreement. This article contributes to the understanding of the effects of warfare on interethnic relations, notably attitudes of ethno-nationalism. Two hypotheses are tested: first, that the prevalence of ethno-nationalism is higher after than before the war, and second, that individuals who have been directly affected by the war are more nationalist than others. The variation in ethno-nationalism is examined over time, between countries, and between ethnic groups. Three countries that did not experience conflict on their own territory serve as a control group. The effect of individual war exposure is also tested in the analysis. Sources include survey data from the former Yugoslavia in 1989, shortly before the outbreak of war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in 2003, some years after the violence in the region ended. Contrary to common beliefs, the study shows that ethno-nationalism does not necessarily increase with ethnic civil war. The individual war experiences are less important than expected.
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20
ID:   144312


After the fall: Sri Lanka in victory and war / Tikku, Mohan K 2016  Book
Tikku, Mohan K Book
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Publication New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2016.
Description xix, 308p.hbk
Standard Number 9780199463503
Key Words Human Rights  LTTE  Sri Lanka  Geneva  Rajapaksa  Game Changer 
Endgame  Sinhala Language  Civil War  UNHRC 
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
058622954.93032/TIK 058622MainWithdrawnGeneral 
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