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INTERNATIONAL LAW (912) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   131076


17 European countries ratify ATT / Morley, Jefferson   Journal Article
Morley, Jefferson Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
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2
ID:   146754


1996 Advisory opinion of the international court of justice / Burroughs, John   Journal Article
Burroughs, John Journal Article
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Contents The 1996 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was the culmination of a decades-long debate on the legality of nuclear weapons. In recent years, it has shaped how international law is invoked by the initiative focused on the humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons use and served as a foundation for the nuclear disarmament cases brought by the Marshall Islands in the court.
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3
ID:   039651


A Modren introduction to international law / Michael Akehurst 1984  Book
Akehurst Michael Book
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Edition 5th ed
Publication London, George Allen and Wnwin, 1984.
Description 310p
Standard Number 0-04-341026-x
Key Words International Law 
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Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
027745341/Michael Ak 027745MainOn ShelfGeneral 
4
ID:   124389


Abiding by the vote: between-groups conflict in international collective action / Schneider, Christina J; Slantchev, Branislav L   Journal Article
Slantchev, Branislav L Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract We analyze institutional solutions to international cooperation when actors have heterogeneous preferences over the desirability of the action and split into supporters and opponents, all of whom can spend resources toward their preferred outcome. We study how actors can communicate their preferences through voting when they are not bound either by their own vote or the outcome of the collective vote. We identify two organizational types with endogenous coercive enforcement and find that neither is unambiguously preferable. Like the solutions to the traditional Prisoners' Dilemma these forms require long shadows of the future to sustain. We then show that cooperation can be sustained through a noncoercive organization where actors delegate execution to an agent. Even though this institution is costlier, it does not require any expertise by the agent and is independent of the shadow of the future, and thus is implementable when the others are not
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5
ID:   061027


Abu ghraib prison abuse and the rule of law / Balestrieri, Elizabeth Brownell Dec 2004  Journal Article
Balestrieri, Elizabeth Brownell Journal Article
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6
ID:   096195


Active citation: a precondition for replicable qualitative research / Moravcsik, Andrew   Journal Article
Moravcsik, Andrew Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract Qualitative research dominates political science. In the field of international relations (IR), for example, about 70% of scholars primarily employ qualitative methods, compared to 21% favoring formal or quantitative analysis (Jordan et al. 2009). Since nearly all of the latter make secondary use of textual and historical methods, overall over 90% of IR scholars employ qualitative analysis, whereas 48% use any statistical and only 12% any formal methods. This understates the dominance of qualitative analysis, for many statistical data sets rest ultimately on historical work, and IR scholars, when polled, report that qualitative case studies are more relevant for policy than quantitative or formal work. Hardly any major IR debate-whether that over the end of the cold war, American unipolarity, Chinese foreign policy, the nature of European integration, compliance with international law, democratic peace, the causes of war, or the impact of human rights norms-remains untouched by important qualitative contributions.
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7
ID:   185064


Advancing reformed multilateralism in the changing world / Mahawar, Nutan Kapoor (ed.); Saraswat, Deepika (ed.) 2022  Book
Mahawar, Nutan Kapoor (ed.) Book
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Publication DelhI, Macmillan Education India Pvt Ltd, 2022.
Description viii, 284p.hbk
Standard Number 9789354551765
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060171327.101/MAH 060171MainOn ShelfGeneral 
8
ID:   165209


Advocating the rules-based order in an era of multipolarity / Raymond, Gregory V   Journal Article
Raymond, Gregory V Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Faced with eroding United States hegemony and the rise of a more multipolar distribution of global power, Australia has embraced a new foreign policy platform built around advocacy for a ‘rules-based global order’. In this essay I first argue that the emerging characterisation of multipolarity overemphasises the centrality of the United States and overlooks the legacies of Asian colonisation, decolonisation, state-building and local norm development. I then consider the reasons for the embrace of the rules-based global order construct, locating it as an instinctive reaction to issues arising from the South China Sea dispute, the raw use of power, and the inclination to share the ideas of a close ally. I note, however, that linking Australia closely with the United States approach to global rules has drawbacks, given the United States’ explicit attempts to reserve a right to use force outside the UN Charter. I suggest that Australia would be better served by clearly delineating a separation between its military alliance with a United States, a policy for worst-case scenarios, from its support for international law and institutions, which should form the mainstay and leading edge of its foreign policy.
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9
ID:   128326


Afghanistan refugee crisis: implication for Pakistan and Iran / Abraham, Rhea   Journal Article
Abraham, Rhea Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract Migration has been a regular concept in the history of Afghanistan where nomads roamed the land in search of basic necessities, while parents sent their young sons to trading centre for business and employment. Also, internal dislocation among families during conflict and tribal feuds has been a major cause of migration became predominant in and around Afghanistan with the need for development and better living standard forcing locals to migrate internally and externally. Over the years, pashtuns as the major ethnic group, spread out in large numbers, and other ethnic group, spread out in large numbers, and other ethnic groups such as the Hazaras crossed in to Iran also took place regularly, culminating in an exchange of cultural, religious and ethnic migratory routes.
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10
ID:   167099


African justice: legal integration and the emergence of an African judicial system / Fon, Nguh Nwei Asanga   Journal Article
Fon, Nguh Nwei Asanga Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract In 2017, the African Union adopted a non-binding resolution calling for a collective withdrawal of its members from the International Criminal Court (ICC). An exodus from the ICC poses the question of what happens next in the African judicial landscape. This paper probes into efforts to erect an African judicial infrastructure. It is a non-experimental case study that employs the characteristics of international law to examine various attempts towards forging an African judicial system. A critical examination of existing African judicial institutions against certain benchmarks of international law reveals that alternative structures and mechanisms of international justice exist in Africa.
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11
ID:   121425


After the norm cascade: NGO mission expansion and the coalition for the International Criminal Court / Haddad, Heidi Nichols   Journal Article
Haddad, Heidi Nichols Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract The literature on transnational advocacy focuses on the battle for norm adoption, yet little is known about what happens to advocacy organizations after they succeed. Do they disband, take up another cause, or expand their mission? This article explores the organizational response of mission expansion through a case study of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court. The CICC-a prominent global coalition of local and international nongovernmental organizations-was instrumental in advocating for the formation and ratification of the Rome Statute, the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. Following the entry into force of the Rome Statute, the CICC did not disband or shift issues, but instead expanded its advocacy efforts and began service provision on behalf of the ICC.
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12
ID:   080890


Agents or trustees? international courts in their political con / Alter, Karen J   Journal Article
Alter, Karen J Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract In International Relations applications, theorists employing Principal- Agent (P-A) theory have posited that the fact of delegation defines a relationship between states (collective Principals) and international organizations (Agents) where recontracting threats are the predominant way states influence IOs. Developing a category of delegation to international Trustees, I argue that recontracting tools will be both harder to use and less effective at influencing the Trustees. Trustees are (1) selected because of their personal reputation or professional norms, (2) given independent authority to make decisions according to their best judgment or professional criteria, and (3) empowered to act on behalf of a beneficiary. These three factors account for the different politics between Principals and Trustees, a politics aimed at either keeping issues outside of the domain of the Trustee or at rhetorically engaging the Trustee's authority in an effort to persuade the common `beneficiary' whose loyalty and respect both States and the Trustee seek. In explaining why recontracting threats are not central to Principal-Trustee relations, the analysis bounds the realm in which we might expect P-A theory to apply, and provides a theoretical basis to question the `rational expectations' claim that ICs are tailoring their decisions to reflect the wishes of powerful states and avoid adverse recontracting
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13
ID:   002894


Agreed frontier: Ladakh and India's Northernmost borders, 1846-1947 / Mehra, Parshotam 1992  Book
Mehra, Parshotam Book
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Publication DelhI, Oxford University Press, 1992.
Description xii, 248p.
Standard Number 019562758X
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034400341.420954/MEH 034400MainOn ShelfGeneral 
14
ID:   154253


Alleged use of chemical weapons against the Syrian people: does it justify forceful intervention? / Krishnan S   Journal Article
Krishnan S Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The US has justified the use of military force against the Syrian regime under Bashar al-Assad, after its alleged use of chemical weapons against civilians. However, as long as the UN Security Council does not agree to intervention, unilateral American action is not permissible under the UN Charter. Even the principle of “responsibility to protect” is not justified in this case, as action would most likely be short, punitive and unlikely to end the attacks on Syrian civilians. The use of force rules, originating in customary international law and partially codified in the UN Charter, establish the lawful framework for the initiation of military activity by a government. Humanitarian intervention or a military campaign calculated to stop widespread attacks on a civilian population, including acts of genocide, other crimes against humanity and war crimes is also contested as it is not defined in the UN Charter, although many scholars and activists claim it is supported by the charter's central objective to defend human rights and fundamental freedoms.
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15
ID:   140335


Altering the playing field: the U.S. redefinition of the use-of-force / Warren, Andrew; Bode, Ingvild   Article
Bode, Ingvild Article
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Summary/Abstract This article will interrogate the degree to which the Obama administration has continued, even at times inadvertently, the Bush administration's challenge on international law. Notwithstanding the Obama administration's bold pronouncements pertaining to reversing its predecessor's policies, little has actually changed when it comes to how the USA considers using military force. As a means to unpack this transition, this article will firstly consider the apparent continuum of use-of-force policies from the Bush to the Obama administration, specifically: the American conflation in the line between pre-emptive and preventive self-defence options; the sustained post-September 11 legacies that continue to lower thresholds towards using military force; and how this ultimately contributes to the erosion of international law in this area. Secondly, this article presents a critical contextualization of Obama's drone programme and its legal arguments in relation to his administration's overall use-of-force policy, focusing on jus ad bellum standards. In light of the centrality of targeted killings under Obama, our article will pay particular attention to the contradiction this poses with regard to his reluctance to use military force in relation to ongoing conflicts in Libya and Syria, while also looking at recent adjustments pertaining to use-of-force pronouncements against the Islamic State (IS). The article lastly considers what this will mean for international use-of-force thresholds and the future of the general prohibition on the use-of-force in the context of new and emerging technologies and theaters should the USA continue to skew and adjust its use-of-force policies on when, how, against who and where to use such force.
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16
ID:   155790


American diplomatic history and international thought: a constitutional perspective / Hendrickson, David C   Journal Article
Hendrickson, David C Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This essay offers a constitutional perspective on the American encounter with the problem of international order. Its point of departure is the American Founding, a subject often invisible in both the history of international thought and contemporary International Relations theory. Although usually considered as an incident within the domestic politics of the United States, the Founding displays many key ideas that have subsequently played a vital role in both international political thought and IR theory. The purpose of this essay is to explore these ideas and to take account of their passage through time, up to and including the present day. Those ideas shine a light not only on how we organize our scholarly enterprises but also on the contemporary direction of US foreign policy and the larger question of world order.
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17
ID:   141758


America's other guantánamo: British foreign policy and the US base on Diego Garcia / Harris, Peter   Article
Harris, Peter Article
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Summary/Abstract The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is one of Britain's most controversial Overseas Territories. Its indigenous people, the Chagossians, were exiled from their homes in the 1960s and 1970s so that BIOT could play host to a US military base on the island of Diego Garcia. Meanwhile, Diego Garcia has been tarnished by revelations regarding its role in the CIA's ‘extraordinary rendition’ programme and by allegations of torture. And earlier this year, an international tribunal ruled that the UK government had violated international law by pushing through a Marine Protected Area to cover the territory over and above the protestations of neighbouring states. In this article, I argue that allowing the resettlement of BIOT by the Chagossians would go a long way towards improving the way that the territory has been governed for the past five decades.
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18
ID:   015923


An expanding court / Jennings Robert June 1993  Article
Jennings Robert Article
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Publication June 1993.
Description 44-47
Key Words International Law 
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19
ID:   006570


Anarchical society: a study of order in world politics / Bull, Hedley 1995  Book
Bull, Hedley Book
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Publication Houndmills, Macmillan, 1995.
Description xviii, 329p.
Standard Number 0333638212
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038319327.1/BUL 038319MainWithdrawnGeneral 
20
ID:   002917


Anti-ballistic missile treaty and world security / Bulkeley, Rip; Brauch, Hans Gunter 1988  Book
Brauch, Hans Gunter Book
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Publication Mosbach, AFES Press, 1988.
Description 105p.
Series AFES press report;14
Standard Number 3926979003
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Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
034513341.026/BUL 034513MainOn ShelfGeneral 
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