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ID:
136938
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay questions the enduring difficulties of addressing racism within the current politics of integration in Europe, with a specific focus on the Portuguese context. The analysis centres on integration initiatives to promote employability among the Portuguese Roma and the ways in which they are rationalised by employment gatekeepers and decision-makers. This rationalisation depoliticises racism by constantly shifting the focus to the presumed characteristics of the ‘other’, re-enacting white-privileged notions of nationhood, Portugueseness and Europeanness. Accordingly, projects based on ‘activation of social competences’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘interculturality’ are implemented as a civilising and disciplinary programme aimed at correcting the presumed deficiencies in ethnically marked populations. The analysis aims to contribute towards a much needed debate on the notion of integration and the re-articulation of the historical legacies of racism in contemporary European democracies.
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| 2 |
ID:
137036
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| Summary/Abstract |
A growing number of datasets collect information reflecting the behavior and characteristics of contentious and violent organizations. Most of these datasets are not arranged so that they can be easily combined for analytical purposes. In particular, there is a lack of common identifiers for organizations. This creates a great deal of duplication of effort as well as many potential stumbling blocks for those who would like to combine information from different datasets for new analyses or research questions. We describe an existing effort to overcome common challenges and link organizations called the Terrorist Organization (TORG) crosswalk. We further propose a new effort, a Shared Contentious Actor Registry (SCAR), to allow for a more comprehensive and concerted effort to meet the challenges in linking data.
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| 3 |
ID:
137060
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| Summary/Abstract |
Are democracies better at winning wars and militarized disputes? Is there an advantage associated with initiating a war or dispute? Noting that pairwise contest data are the norm in applied research, we motivate a straightforward Bradley–Terry statistical model for these problems from first principles, which will allow for a closer integration of theoretical and statistical practice for scholars of international relations. The essence of this approach is that we learn about the latent abilities of states from observing conflict outcomes between them. We demonstrate the novelty and appeal of this setup with reference to previous attempts to capture estimands of interest and show that for many questions of concern—especially regarding “democratic effectiveness” and “initiation effects”—our approach may be preferred on theoretical and statistical grounds. The evidence we find only partially supports the ideas of “democratic triumphalists”: democracy aids effectiveness, but only in certain contexts (while in others it actually impairs fighting ability). We also provide estimates of possible “initiation effects,” and show that moving first seems to carry little advantage in interstate wars, but a substantial one in lower-level disputes.
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| 4 |
ID:
136936
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article discusses how local diversity is being experienced by Somali immigrants who have previously lived in the Netherlands and are now residing in London. It explores the various challenges and potential advantages of living in homogenous urban areas within a super-diverse city and focuses on three situations: (1) when homogeneity is functional and leads to living in parallel worlds; (2) when homogeneity creates social reproduction, even when located in a super-diverse city; and (3) when people manage to oscillate between both worlds – i.e. between homogenous urban areas and the potential offered by a super-diverse city. The article argues that migrants trace different pathways in the context of super-diversity. They have the ability to operate at different scales – the locale and the cosmopolitan super-diverse metropolis. However, the most vulnerable people have more difficulty in accessing and benefiting directly from the potential offered by super-diversity.
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| 5 |
ID:
134467
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| Summary/Abstract |
In tracing his 15-year relationship with Karl W. Deutsch, Andrei S. Markovits portrays the key intellectual agendas and major scholarly contributions that formed the core of Deutsch’s academic life. The article highlights how Deutsch’s personal life as well as his singularly impressive qualities shaped the originality and greatness of his intellectual contributions but also the profound humaneness of his quotidian life.
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