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| 1 |
ID:
135216
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| Summary/Abstract |
Lord Cornwallis has gotten a bum rap in America. He was a gifted troubleshooter who implemented a more streamlined, sustainable version of British power, so that London could emerge triumphant and dominant on the global stage after 1815.
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| 2 |
ID:
136867
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The challenge of violent radicalization is an important part of (the Prevent pillar) of the 2005 EU Counter-terrorism Strategy and is specifically dealt with in the 2005 EU Strategy for Combating Radicalisation and Recruitment to Terrorism. This article assesses the EU counter-radicalization approach by comparing the above mentioned strategies and other policy documents to theoretical notions on radicalization and counter radicalization. It focuses on the comprehensiveness, implementation and consistency of the EU policies that aim to prevent individuals from turning to violence, while halting the emergence of the next generation of terrorists.
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| 3 |
ID:
134912
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In numerous branches of natural philosophy, the ways in which major, transformative advances are achieved are often cloaked in mystery, or arrived at through a fortunate concatenation of circumstances. This theme is pursued here with the aid of some examples from my own work on catalysis (the speeding up of the attainment of chemical equilibria), as well as from the work of others. The emergence of the maser (forerunner of the laser), the development of positron emission tomography, and the creation of blood-glucose sensors for use by those suffering from type 2 diabetes are among the innovations adumbrated here. In addition to describing the unpredictable nature of much scientific discovery, I also describe areas in which new chemical technology will be especially beneficial to society. I foresee that openstructure solid catalysts are likely to transform many of the ways in which chemicals, now manufactured in an environmentally harmful manner, will be produced in the future. Also outlined is the vital need to understand and exploit photocatalysts so as to harness solar energy. Finally, I touch upon the absolute value of chemistry in the quest for beauty and truth.
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| 4 |
ID:
134797
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Much ink has been spilled to describe the emergence and likely influence of the Tea Party on the American political landscape. Pundits and journalists declared that the emergence of the Tea Party movement pushed the Republican Party to a more extreme ideological position, which is generally anti-Washington. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the ideological positions taken by candidates in the 2008 and 2012 pre-Iowa caucus Republican presidential-primary debates. To establish the positions, we used the debate transcripts and a text-analytic technique that placed the candidates on a single dimension. Findings show that, overall, the 2012 candidates moved closer to an anti-Washington ideology—associated with the Tea Party movement—and away from the more traditional social conservative Republican ideology, which was more salient in the 2008 debates. Both Mitt Romney and Ron Paul, the two candidates who ran in both elections, shifted significantly in the ideological direction associated with the Tea Party.
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| 5 |
ID:
134597
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores the relationship between memory and place in understandings of urban change in Central Asia. Drawing on narratives of long-term residents of two Central Asian cities we investigate the ways in which positive memories of the Soviet past emerge when people speak about the urban environment of today. We explore why such fondness for the Soviet past has emerged, what elements of the past are most cherished, and which urban communities remember these elements. We ask what these forms of memory reveal about what has been lost and what this tells us about the present anxieties of urban residents.
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| 6 |
ID:
135986
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As part of a multi-article presentation about national and social resilience to the military practitioner community, the article initially embeds the concept of resilience into a concept of change. From this grounding discussion, the profiling of national/social resilience is presented as a useful part of building an improved intelligence process of holistic change forecasting. Next, as a better way of seeing and evaluating how different nations and societies will uniquely respond to crises, uniquely recover post-crisis and thereafter change into their future, a way of using resilience change profiling to improve intelligence foresight and forecasting is detailed. Also, an argument is presented that during periods of financial stress, such an approach has efficacy, economy-of-force and other comparative advantage benefits to Western military organizations.
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| 7 |
ID:
135437
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 1972, the map of Assam changed and its size shrank. While the two valleys remained together, the hills saw emergence of several States. The country soon had to invent a new metaphor to give the new map a
new image after cutting it into parts and then re-joining it into a new composite whole. Instead of referring to the new States separately, the Centre started calling the region by a geographical directional name "North-East." Then in 1976, in the Congress session held at Guwahati, the Assam Chief Minister, Sarat Chandra Sinha, introduced a new metaphor "Seven Sisters" to describe the region. His purpose was to stress the common economic destiny of the seven territorial units of the region and thereby dispel misunderstanding between Assam, the largest State, and the smaller ones, all members of the North-East Council. The metaphor was not simply used in the context of border disputes between Assam and Nagaland as stated by the veteran journalist, Satish Chandra Kakoti1, though it was in the background. The metaphor "Seven Sisters" was not Sinha’s own invention. In 1972, Jyoti Prasad Saikia, then working as a journalist for The Times of India and based at Agartala, first used this description for India’s North-East in a radio talk he delivered on the occasion of the inauguration of Tripura State. Saikia later joined Sarat Chandra Sinha’s personal staff as a press secretary (he was to become a member of the Indian Administrative Service in Assam cadre in later years). Indira Gandhi endorsed this description while addressing the youth convention in the AICC session at Guwahati (then Gauhati) and later the central leaders eagerly appropriated the idea so as to give the region an integrated image. But to understand the compulsion behind the act of dismemberment of a State and the attempt to conceal its broken look, we need to follow the political developments in Assam after India’s independence.
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| 8 |
ID:
134990
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article uses a collective-action framework to study the mobilization of the Arrow Boys (AB), a community defense militia in South Sudan. Drawing on general collective-action explanations, this article argues that the mobilization of the AB was facilitated by two factors: (1) a strong overlap of the fighter's private and the community's public benefit and (2) close social relationships and expectations within the community. The article supports these theoretical claims by, first, examining the scope conditions under which the AB formed and, second, drawing on individual interviews with AB members from Western Equatoria in South Sudan.
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