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ID: 163514

Estimating the earnings returns to exam-measured unobserved ability in China's urban labor market: evidence for 2002–2013 / Sun, Qian

Sun, Qian	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

China's education system uses exams to measure students' ability. How does the labor market reward the ability that raises exam scores? This paper uses proxies to estimate the labor market returns to ‘exam ability’ in China. The estimated returns to one standard deviation of the ‘exam ability’ are 8% in 2002, 12% in 2007, and 7% in 2013 for the urban population with local hukou and high school and above education. The exam ability explains more wage variation than years of schooling or the level of education degree. There is still a significant amount of unexplained wage variation. It is possible that there are more important labor market skills that are not captured by schooling and exam scores.

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Proxy ; Earnings ; Ability ; Exams

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ID: 135286

New friends, old friends: the World Bank and Africa when the Chinese are coming / Kopiński, Dominik; Sun, Qian

Kopiński, Dominik	Article
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With China increasing its financing of Africa's development, roles have shifted and new roles are being assigned. The World Bank, having been for many years a prime and essentially unchallenged financier of Africa's development, is under pressure to reconsider its policies vis-à-vis African members. Two Chinese banks have been highly instrumental in this trend—the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China. According to various estimates, over the past few years these two banks combined have lent more money to developing countries than the World Bank. This article explores in a comparative fashion a range of features of the World Bank and Chinese policy banks' practices in Africa. It argues that, even though such a comparison is methodologically problematic, the current dynamic is going to affect the norms of governance represented by the World Bank and its lending policies toward Africa.

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