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ID:
135352
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Assessing the full effects of public investment in space
/ Clark, John; Koopmans, Carl ; Hof, Bert ; Knee, Paula, Lieshout, Rogier, Simmonds, Paul, Wokke, Frank
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| Summary/Abstract |
Many space-related impact studies have been carried out in the past, but there is no conclusive, comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social effects of public investments in space. Such evaluations are not easy to perform, for several reasons: the space sector is not a recognised category in official statistics; social benefits, which are likely to be very important, are hard to assess; and impacts from R&D are complex and occur in the long term. However, important steps can be made towards better evaluation of impacts. The full set of impacts of space investments may be simultaneously evaluated from both a ‘bottom-up’ and a ‘top-down’ perspective. In the bottom-up perspective, each effect is measured separately, while the top-down perspective provides a framework for integrating the effects. Although both perspectives have their own advantages and drawbacks, combining them yields both detailed and integrated results. Our discussion of the bottom up approach starts by identifying an extensive list of impacts. Next, data availability issues and methodological improvements are identified, leading to recommendations on programmes to collect data and perform case studies. Finally, suggestions are made for presenting impacts in the form of a scoreboard. The core of the top-down evaluation methodology proposed is social cost benefit analysis. Effects are weighted, where possible, on the basis of observed market prices or other estimations of monetary values. For effects that are hard to measure or monetize, multi-criteria analysis can be applied using surveys and expert opinion. Our core recommendations are to clearly define the space sector, to collect additional data, and to use improved methodologies. Social, strategic and environmental impacts deserve special attention, aiming at a more comprehensive coverage of impacts. Comprehensive evaluations can contribute to more upport for space expenditures.
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| 2 |
ID:
135351
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| Summary/Abstract |
South Africa has made significant advances in attempting to organise and formalise its space sector with the prime focus of leveraging the benefits of space science and technology for socio-economic growth and sustainable development. A particular instrument in this regard is the National Space Policy, which provides for a set of strategic objectives and guiding principles in terms of how stakeholders, both state and non-state actors, should organise and conduct themselves within the framework of a national space programme. The National Space Policy aims to improve the level of co-ordination and co-operative governance in the space sector that in the past has been fragmented and disorganised, and to further develop a domestic space industrial base. The foundation for a sustainable national space programme hinges critically on the participation of the domestic industry in the national space agenda and thereto the creation of a supportive regulatory environment is necessary. This paper provides insight into the main tenets of South Africa’s National Space Policy with the aim of highlighting the key policy directives.
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ID:
135353
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the advent of NASA's Earth Observing System, knowledge of the practical benefits of Earth science data has grown considerably. The community using NASA Earth science observations in applications has grown significantly, with increasing sophistication to serve national interests. Data latency, or how quickly communities receive science observations after acquisition, can have a direct impact on the applications and usability of the information. This study was conducted to determine how users are incorporating NASA data into applications and operational processes to benefit society beyond scientific research, as well as to determine the need for data latency of less than 12 h. The results of the analysis clearly show the significant benefit to society of serving the needs of the agricultural, emergency response, environmental monitoring and weather communities who use rapidly delivered, accurate Earth science data. The study also showed the potential of expanding the communities who use low latency NASA science data products to provide new ways of transforming data into information. These benefits can be achieved with a clear and consistent NASA policy on product latency.
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