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| 1 |
ID:
135537
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| Summary/Abstract |
Beijing has an incremental foreign policy in the South and East China Seas which appears to parallel America’s Monroe Doctrine. When the increasingly assertive young America declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to the great colonial powers of Europe, President James Monroe’s eponymous doctrine altered the nature of trans-Atlantic relations. In retrospect, China is essentially following America’s footprints in trans-Pacifi c affairs with its own Ménluó (a transliteration of Monroe) Doctrine in the Asian Seas.
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| 2 |
ID:
135548
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| Summary/Abstract |
According to the convergence hypothesis, the growth of a nation’s GDP should be negatively correlated with its historical level of GDP; low income nations should be growing faster than high income nations, and the variance of national incomes should fall over time. In recent years, there has been considerable debate about whether we do in fact observe convergence in GDP, and results are mixed. This paper examines a variant of the convergence debate by examining convergence in national team soccer results. Soccer is the most popular sport in world, and almost every nation on the planet has a national team that regularly plays in international competition. This paper examines the results of national soccer teams between 1950 and 2010 and finds that, whether measured by the percentage of games won or by goal difference (goals scored minus goals conceded), there is significant evidence of convergence. This paper then speculates about why it might be so much easier to find evidence of convergence in national team soccer results than for GDP
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| 3 |
ID:
135547
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| Summary/Abstract |
As the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, held from June 12 to July 13 2014, has come and gone, the country’s logistics and infrastructure need to remain key topics of discussion. However, the same amount of attention has not been paid to a subject that is crucial to the success of one of the greatest sports events on the planet: security. More specifically, how are Brazilian public authorities dealing with the possibility of terrorist attacks in the country? Is this hypothesis being seriously considered?
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| 4 |
ID:
135544
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| Summary/Abstract |
On a starry, clear night in Mumbai, one can venture out to Marine Drive, known as the Queen’s Necklace, and stand by the ocean. The laughter of carefree, night-time strollers intermingles with the hum of motorcycles, as the lights from extravagant hotels, built on some of the most valuable real estate in the world, illuminate the scene. The air is latent with easy, self-sure ambition—a sense of becoming.
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| 5 |
ID:
135551
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| Summary/Abstract |
During Mr. Ouaddou’s time in Qatar, his life was at the whim of its labor system. He is only one of millions to have faced an extremely difficult time during his employment in the soccer industry. Before arriving in Qatar, he played for renowned soccer clubs in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in many countries including England, France, and Spain. He also represented Morocco internationally in over 50 matches. When Qatari club Lekhwiya (owned by Qatar’s then-Crown Prince Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al Thani) approached him, he was in a rather tight position and did not have many other offers, so he accepted Lekhwiya’s offer and moved to Qatar. He was successful with the club. However, shortly thereafter, he was told to change to another club (on the order of the Crown Prince), Qatar Sports Club, even though he did not want to.
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| 6 |
ID:
135550
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the Olympic Games of the modern era, host nations have always had reasons to celebrate their national pride, but none more so than Germany in 1936 and China in 2008.
By 1936, Germany had recovered from losing World War I (WWI), and had a prosperous economy. When Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party won the German general election in March of 1933, they inherited something they didn’t really want—the 1936 Olympic Games. The Games had been awarded to Berlin at a meeting of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) two years earlier. The selection was seen as an opportunity to welcome Germany back into the international community after its defeat in WWI.
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| 7 |
ID:
135535
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| Summary/Abstract |
Upon taking office as Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007, I said that I wanted to be judged by the WHO’s impact on the health of two populations: women and the people of Africa. We, the WHO, are of course concerned with everyone’s health, but within the broad compass of global health these two large groups of people have been at a particular disadvantage. For reasons of history, geography, climate, and ecology, the people of sub-Saharan Africa (“Africa” from here on) bear the greatest burden of ill health and disease. In many societies around the world, women are still denied the same opportunities as men to participate in decisions that affect their health and the health of their families. For many African women, the two kinds of disadvantages coincide. I therefore concluded in 2007 that supporting women and the people of Africa would be two powerful ways of working towards greater health equality worldwide
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| 8 |
ID:
135543
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The article explores the role of visual media and photography in humanitarian crises. Topics covered include the significance of visual journalism and documentary photography in raising social consciousness, the number of people who were killed in the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the launch of the Bangladesh Worker Safety Initiative to improve safety in the ready-made-garment (RMG) sector.
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| 9 |
ID:
135546
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| Summary/Abstract |
To think that a Brazilian election may hinge upon the athletic abilities of its goalkeeper is disquieting, to say the least. Yet soccer, the world’s most popular sport, has a habit of making itself political. Time and time again, political leaders have tried to channel the energy and passion of tournaments for political purposes. This political engineering has occasionally proved successful and occasionally backfired; government opposition, after all, is just as aware of the immense mediatic power of sports as those in power. In the aftermath of the World Cup, and in particular of the Brazilian defeat, it is more timely than ever to examine the intricate and often underappreciated relationship between politics and soccer.
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| 10 |
ID:
135552
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| Summary/Abstract |
Nelson Mandela once said: “Sport has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It has the power to unite people…sport can create hope where once there was only despair.”
Sport is one of the great commonalities of human beings. More people watch or play sports than almost any other human activity. Sport reflects and affects ideas of race, sex, class, as well as national pride and identity. Sport can change a country’s “brand”, and, as I’ve learned from my career, sports can be an effective tool in the diplomat’s playbook.
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| 11 |
ID:
135545
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| Summary/Abstract |
Scholars of international relations often operate under the assumption that their project is to generate the truth, to come to some objective understanding of what the international sphere is and how it works. Most contemporary international relations theory, though, is tainted by a major source of bias: it is produced in western nations by western authors for western readers. International relations theory is skewed westward, which impairs its ability to explain and to produce social good.
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| 12 |
ID:
135536
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| Summary/Abstract |
Lido beach in Mogadishu, Somalia, is a 100-mile stretch of white sand lapped by the azure blue waters of the Indian Ocean. On Fridays, hundreds of young people swarm the beach: energetic soccer tournaments sprout up, heated wrestling matches ensue and there are noisy swimming competitions abound. It is a beautiful sight in a city torn by 22 years of civil war. If you come back on Monday, you will still find them there. They are there Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday as well: the same youth at the same soccer tournaments, wrestling matches, and swimming contests.
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