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ID:
136234
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| Summary/Abstract |
Net-metering is commonly known as a practice by which owners of distributed generation (DG) units may offset their electricity consumption from the grid with local generation. The increasing number of prosumers (consumers that both produce and consume electricity) with solar photovoltaic (PV) generation combined with net-metering results in reduced incomes for many network utilities worldwide. Consequently, this pushes utilities to increase charges per kW h in order to recover costs. For non-PV owners, this could result into inequality issues due to the fact that also non-PV owners have to pay higher chargers for their electricity consumed to make up for netted costs of PV-owners. In order to provide insight in those inequality issues caused by net-metering, this study presents the effects on cross-subsidies, cost recovery and policy objectives evolving from different applied netmetering and tariff designs for a residential consumer. Eventually this paper provides recommendations regarding tariffs and metering that will result in more explicit incentives for PV, instead of the current implicit incentives which are present to PV owners due to net-metering.
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| 2 |
ID:
166949
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| Summary/Abstract |
The recent rise of distributed generation and self-consumption, together with the unbundling of the electricity supply chain, sprout the opportunity for innovative energy policies that increasingly place end-users as active agents of the system and democratize access to the energy markets. Such is the case of the emerging concepts of virtual metering, peer-to-peer energy trading, shared generation and local network charges, hereby grouped under the umbrella policy genre “Prosumer Aggregation Policies”. This paper sets out to describe the fundamental mechanisms within these concepts, to categorize them and their policy impacts, in order to guide regulators, decision-makers and the research community through the key steps and considerations involved in the design of Prosumer Aggregation Policies. Based on a comprehensive assessment of country experiences and a showcase of real business models and pilot projects, it is argued that prosumer aggregation policies significantly enhance prosumers’ drivers and improve the potential market of distributed generation and traditional self-consumption policies, ultimately providing policy access to all end-users regardless of possessing the appropriate site or resource conditions. They also address challenges for grid operators regarding grid integration and market integration of distributed generation, helping to minimize their impact in grid management.
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