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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
187809
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| Summary/Abstract |
Importing is an important driving force for a country's economic growth. While importing promotes the expansion of economic scale, does it also lead the increase of pollution emissions in production? In this paper, we establish a micro theoretical model to analyze the impacts of importing on firms’ environmental performance, and then use the data of China's manufacturing firms for empirical tests. We show that the importing of intermediate goods or capital goods will lead to the increase of firms’ production scale, and thereby increasing their total emissions, which suggests that China's environment will be deteriorated by importing. On the other hand, importing also has some positive environmental effects that firms will increase their abatement investment after importing intermediate goods or capital goods, thus firms’ emission intensity can be effectively reduced. Altogether, this paper provides important evidence on the impacts of importing on pollution emissions at product-level. We suggest that when analyzing China's interests in trade, the environmental effects of trade should be taken into consideration, otherwise China's gains from trade will be overestimated. This paper also has important implications that while developing the economy through international trade, the government should strengthen environmental protection and advocate green trade.
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| 2 |
ID:
191264
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study uses the list of ETS pilot firms and China's Administrative Registration Database to build the conglomerate of pilot firms and then uses China's National Tax Survey Data from 2009 to 2016 to analyze whether ETS leads to carbon leakage in conglomerates. The results show that ETS promotes carbon transfer from pilot firms to their production-connected firms, carbon emissions and emission intensity of production-connected firms have been significantly improved. After controlling cofounding policies, conducting placebo test and other robustness analysis, the results are still valid. The ways of carbon leakage include output, investment, labor, and energy consumption. Investment transfer occurs at the policy issue stage, and pilot firms tend to transfer production activities with higher energy intensity. Heterogeneity analyses find that the carbon leakage caused by ETS is transferred to regions with low environmental regulations and low labor costs. In further analysis, we verify no negative carbon leakage and compare the carbon emission reduction of EST to pilot firms with the carbon leakage of EST to production-connected firms, though ETS can reduce carbon emissions, its effect is far overestimated.
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| 3 |
ID:
150046
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Chinese residents' travel demand has been increasing dramatically. As a result, emissions from motor vehicles have been found as one main source of air pollution in China, which consequently influences the residents' health. To better understand the environmental deterioration and health losses caused by the transport sector in China, in current circumstances, one must know how the changes in residents' travel demand and alternative transport modes affect environment and health co-benefits in China. We first of all calculate the demand from nearly all the residents' travel means, including road, rail, water, and air transport. Besides, based on the results, this paper further makes projections for a business-as-usual scenario for 2050 with several alternative transport scenarios to reduce harmful emissions and improve the welfare of the residents' health in China. Our integrated framework includes the harmful emissions models, the fixed box model and the exposure-response models, to link transport demand with possible environmental and health outcomes. The findings suggest that significant environment and health co-benefits are possible if alternative transport replaces. This research, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to estimate the total resident's travel demand under different scenarios and the consequent environment and health co-benefits in the transitional China.
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| 4 |
ID:
136255
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| Summary/Abstract |
Given China's notorious air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, a detailed understanding of socio-economic costs of air pollution and potential impacts of its abatement policies is crucial for policy-making if sustainable development is to be realized. To provide the first study of its kind for China, this paper builds an integrated assessment framework based on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We find China's air pollution (PM2.5, ozone, and coarse particles ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm) to be a staggering threat to human health, economy and residential welfare. Furthermore, there is empirical evidence for much more importance of the PM2.5 issue. In addition, we investigate the impacts of alternative personal vehicle transportation policies. In terms of gross benefits, the results indicate that the total substitution of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) for the existing personal internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) would be more beneficial to national air quality and human health than the combination of stringent fuel economy and emission standards for ICEVs, even in the Chinese case of coal-heavy electric grids.
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