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IPRS (4) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   085863


Effect of the TRIPS-mandated intellectual property rights on fo: case study of the Indian pharmaceutical industry / Rai, Rajnish Kumar   Journal Article
Rai, Rajnish Kumar Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is the most important as well as the most controversial instrument to date concerning intellectual property protection. What is not clear is the impact it will have on developing countries and whether it will actually meet its objective in the "… promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology …". The proponents of a strong patent regime vehemently argue that strengthening patent protection will lead to greater technology transfer in developing countries, and consequently inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) as it is the most important channel for technology transfer. This article takes the Indian pharmaceutical industry as an example to examine the above assertion, and argues that simply enhancing patent protection may not necessarily result in a corresponding increase in FDI in the Indian pharmaceutical sector. It shows that in addition to strong patent protection, there are equally or even more important factors that have a bearing on the inflow of FDI.
Key Words FDI  TRIPS  Intellectual Property  Patents  IPRs  Indian Pharmaceutical Industry 
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2
ID:   060420


Political Economy of Intellectual Property Protection: The Case / Shadlen, Kenneth C.; Schrank, Andrew; Kurtz, Marcus J. Mar 2005  Journal Article
Shadlen, Kenneth C. Journal Article
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Publication Mar 2005.
Summary/Abstract end of the twentieth century was marked by a sea change in global governance in the realm of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Whereas countries historically retained substantial autonomy with regard to what they defined as intellectual "property" and the rights granted to the owners of intellectual property, the 1990s witnessed the establishment of new global obligations regarding national practices. This paper focuses on the case of software "piracy" to assess the mechanisms by which the new global obligations for the treatment of IPRs are transmitted from the international to the national levels. We first consider a set of national-level factors that many scholars have shown to be important determinants of IPR policy. We then supplement the standard emphasis on domestic factors with an analysis of new transnational factors: countries' multilateral obligations under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and bilateral pressures from the United States to increase the protection of IPRs. Population-averaged panel data models are used to assess the effects of these national and transnational determinants on levels of software piracy in 80 countries from 1994 to 2002. Our results indicate that membership in the WTO and bilateral pressures from the United States-particularly pressures that offer reciprocal concessions-lead to substantial increases in levels of protection in rich and poor countries. There is, in short, a new international political economy of intellectual property.
Key Words WTO  IPRs  Intellecual Property Rights 
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3
ID:   066717


Turning knowledge into power: intellectual property and the world trade system / Dutfield, Graham 2005  Journal Article
Dutfield, Graham Journal Article
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Publication 2005.
Key Words GATT  WTO  Trade  Intellectual Property Rights  IPRs 
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4
ID:   022462


Using intellectual property regimes to meet global health R & D Needs / Kettler Hannah E Sept 2002  Article
Kettler Hannah E Article
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Publication Sept 2002.
Description 655-683
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