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ID: 186571

Democratic Reforms and Trade: Evidence from the European Union’s Generalized System of Preferences for Myanmar / Tanaka, Kiyoyasu; Jaminola, Leonardo M

Tanaka, Kiyoyasu	Journal Article
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The European Union (EU) re-instated the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) for Myanmar from 2013 following the newly established “democratic” government in 2011. This paper highlights a series of democratic reforms in Myanmar as a key driver of the EU’s GSP re-instatement. We estimate the causal impact of duty-free access on Myanmar’s exports by exploiting the fact that the GSP re-instatement corresponded to a removal of Most-Favoured-Nation tariff rates in the EU market, which was plausibly exogenous for industries in Myanmar. The results show that the GSP re-instatement had a significantly large positive effect on Myanmar’s exports, with the most pronounced impact on the volume of garment exports. The EU’s GSP played a key role in linking democratic reforms to subsequent trade growth in Myanmar.

Key Words

European Union ; Trade ; Myanmar ; Democratic Reforms

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ID: 138105

Spatial spillovers from foreign direct investment: evidence from the Yangtze river delta in China / Tanaka, Kiyoyasu; Hashiguchi, Yoshihiro

Tanaka, Kiyoyasu	Article
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This paper examines the spatial externality from foreign direct investment on domestic firms. Using Chinese firm-level data for 2004, and after accounting for an endogeneity problem, we find that foreign firms generate a significantly positive spillover effect on the regional productivity of domestic firms in similar counties and industries. Estimating a spatial-autoregressive model, we further show that such local spillovers could transmit to domestic firms in other counties and industries through interactions among domestic firms. However, these spatial multiplier effects decline with distance, thereby reducing the foreign direct investment spillover effects for domestic firms in distant locations.

Key Words

FDI ; China ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Productivity ; Spatial Spillovers

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