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| 1 |
ID:
138560
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| Summary/Abstract |
Humanitarian intervention based on the idea called ‘The Responsibility to Protect (R2P)’ leaves little room for controversy because such intervention is meant to save populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. In effect, the R2P is a step by step process for dealing with an internal conflict with significant security implications. It is a composite whole of three elements and each of which tries to deal with an internal conflict with due consideration to security at three levels, i.e., human security at the national level, regional security and international security. In view of the fact that contemporary world witnesses, till to date, many internal conflicts of various nature, intervention in such cases, henceforth, should be guided by the spirit of R2P. This would enable the conflicts to find their respective end in a peaceful and non-violent manner in consonance with international laws and norms. The paper attempts to study the various elements of R2P from a comprehensive security perspective with recommendation for its application in all future internal conflicts including the current one in Syria.
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| 2 |
ID:
138559
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Maintaining harmony and peace in South Asia has been a crucial intent not only of India but also of its South Asian neighbours. Nevertheless, sustaining stable relationships among New Delhi and its South Asian neighbours have had remained a formidable challenge. Following May 2014 national election, a new government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) assumed office in India. The new Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a Hindu nationalist, renowned for his impressive management of Gujarat’s economy as Chief Minister is now the leader of the one billion plus population. New developments, especially inviting all South Asian leaders in Indian Prime Minister’s oath-taking ceremony and choosing South Asian Himalayan countries for opening foreign visits, have stirred up euphoria regarding possibilities of re-energising the flagging discourse of South Asian neighbourhood. Building on these evolving scenarios, this paper looks into India’s South Asian neighbourhood discourse in the context of new government’s accession to power in India. Taking up the early days conducts of the new Prime Minister into consideration, the paper reveals that although the style of the new government to deal with neighbours may reflect changes, the overall objective management of India’s regional relations is unlikely to deviate much.
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| 3 |
ID:
138562
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| Summary/Abstract |
Skilled labour migration from developing countries to the developed world has increased exponentially in recent years. The pattern of immigration has changed enormously over the course of time in some particular cases. Developing countries experienced group migration in the form of indentured labourers from 19 century to the First World War. Free migration commenced after this period. The causes of immigration from the developing countries have been attributed to the push and pull factors which are related to economic, political, cultural and the environmental issues. Today, migration has become a social and political phenomenon of major concern to political leaders and policy makers in these countries. Advancements in technology, information and transportation have contributed to the enhanced rate and pace of immigration. This paper examines the impact of skilled labour migration from the developing countries which often played a vital role in supplying labour to the developed world and this is expected to continue. It shows that this phenomenon has social and political impact in sending countries including loss of leadership and educated people, impacting the political process of registering candidature for national elections. The paper, taking up the example of Fiji, argues that the return of migrants with enhanced human capital and technology, remittances, loss of educated people, poor quality of candidates standing for elections and increased th indigenous Fijian dominance are some of the social and political impacts of immigration in this particular case.
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| 4 |
ID:
138558
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper is an attempt to understand the prospect for strengthening rice seeds cooperation between Bangladesh and India in modern varieties. Both the countries are trying to achieve food security through improvements in rice production, marketing, and research and development in rice seeds. Bangladesh and four states of eastern India belong to similar agro-climatic zone where rice is overwhelmingly placed as a major staple food. However, due to absence of policy and regulatory barriers to rice seeds trade in modern varieties, there are anecdotal evidences of informal flow of rice seeds across the border, which is risky for both producers and consumers. The paper finds that there is a notable presence of informal cross-border trade of many varieties of rice seeds in three bordering districts in Bangladesh. The paper suggests some doable measures to strengthen rice seeds cooperation between the two countries through, inter alia, trade formalisation, making use of SAARC seed bank, joint research and release of new modern varieties, and harmonising standards and certification procedures.
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| 5 |
ID:
138561
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| Summary/Abstract |
An enormous proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) has been explicitly evident in recent years especially due to a reaction to the slow and disruptive process of trade negotiations in the multilateral forum i.e., the World Trade Organization (WTO). These FTAs now adopt Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)-Plus provisions that include new areas of Intellectual Property (IP) rights protection and implementation of more extensive levels of IP standards beyond WTO TRIPS’s requirements, particularly in terms of elimination of options and flexibilities available under the WTO TRIPS. TRIPS-Plus provisions are conceived as stringent IP provisions aiming to harmonise global IP standards and enforce IP rights. Given the disparities and lack of progress regarding the implementation of IP protection, developed and industrial countries have pursued for stronger IP protections through entering into bilateral FTAs with the developing countries. In exchange of stronger IP protections, developed nations bilaterally offer greater market access for developing ones while the FTAs demand extensive adoption, amendment and invocation of intellectual property rights laws, institutions and enforcement mechanism. In this context, this paper attempts to analyse factors behind the adoption of TRIPS-Plus agreements and their impact on developing countries. The central research questions of this paper are: why does world community need TRIPS-Plus agreement? Does TRIPS-Plus agreement help to enforce Intellectual Property rights? Obviously opportunities like greater market access are lucrative from the developing country perspective; however, implementation of TRIPS-Plus provisions is squeezing TRIPS flexibilities available for them. Therefore, developing countries should adopt cautious measures during the negotiation phase with developed nations in order to continue to enjoy WTO TRIPS flexibilities particularly in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agriculture.
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