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HISTORY – TURKEY (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   139255


Institutionalization of history in the Ottoman Empire / Ergut, Ferdan   Article
Ergut, Ferdan Article
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Summary/Abstract This article examines the process within which history was institutionalized in the Ottoman Empire. Institutional space for history had begun to be constructed within the context of interstate rivalry during the mid-nineteenth century. History had the task of “proving” the fact that the Turks had been from the very beginning a part of the “Western civilization.” The essential period for the institutionalization history was that of the regime of the Committee of Union and Progress in 1908–18, providing historians to emphasize the role of the “people” in history along with large structures of geography and “civilizations.” Once professional institutions were established and various history journals began to be published in this context, historians also began to pay due attention to the professional standards of the discipline. Despite the exclusionary tendencies of the Turkish official history, institutionalization during a revolutionary period functioned as a significant counter-tendency as institutions are path-dependent.
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2
ID:   139252


Opposition to authoritarianism: the society for the dissemination of free ideas and the road to democracy in Turkey, 1947–50 / Ozavci, Hilmi Ozan   Article
Ozavci, Hilmi Ozan Article
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Summary/Abstract The Society for the Dissemination of Free Ideas (SDFI) was the first liberal civil society organization in Turkey. To this date, little attention has been paid to its actions and ideology. Taking the history of the SDFI as its central focus, this article aims to give an account of liberal opposition to authoritarianism in Turkey in the late 1940s, analyzing the factors which led self-proclaimed liberals to unify and eventually disband their alliance, and the novelties and limits of liberal thought at the time.
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