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NATURAL GAS PRICES
(2)
answer(s).
Srl
Item
1
ID:
139278
Between amity, enmity and Europeanisation: EU energy security policy and the example of Bulgaria's Russian energy dependence
/ Maltby, Tomas
Maltby, Tomas
Article
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Summary/Abstract
Considering the development of the Bulgarian energy security strategy this article analyses how the country has adapted to EU membership and to energy security challenges, such as disruptions to Russian gas supplies in 2006 and 2009 and rising gas prices. Utilising a conceptual lens which synthesises Regional Security Complex Theory and Europeanisation, the article offers an explanation of energy policy changes. It concludes that conceptions of Russia as an energy security guarantor have changed since Bulgaria's EU accession and that Bulgarian energy policy has undergone a qualified reorientation away from a positive dependence on Russian energy sources, towards a convergence with EU priorities of diversification and a single energy market.
Key Words
Energy Security
;
Russia
;
Bulgaria
;
Energy Policy
;
Energy Industry
;
Diversification
;
EU Membership
;
Studies
;
Energy Market
;
Natural Gas Supply
;
European Union – EU
;
Natural Gas Prices
;
Energy Security Strategy – Bulgaria
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2
ID:
150622
Market fundamentals, competition and natural-gas prices
/ Hulshof, Daan; Maat, Jan-Pieter van der ; Mulder, Machiel
Mulder, Machiel
Journal Article
0 Rating(s) & 0 Review(s)
Summary/Abstract
After the liberalisation of the gas industry, trading hubs have emerged in Europe. Although these hubs appear to be liquid market places fostering gas-to-gas competition, the efficiency of the gas market remains a topic of interest as a fair share of gas is still traded through long-term contracts with prices linked to the oil price while the number of gas suppliers to the European market is limited. In order to assess the efficiency of the gas market, we analyse the day-ahead spot price at the Dutch gas hub over the period 2011–2014. We find that the oil price had a small positive impact on the gas price. Changes in the concentration on the supply side did not affect the movement in gas prices. The availability of gas in storages and the outside temperature negatively influenced the gas price. We also find that the gas price was related to the production of wind electricity. Overall, we conclude that the day-ahead gas prices are predominantly determined by gas-market fundamentals. Policies to further integrate gas markets within Europe may extend this gas-to-gas competition to a larger region.
Key Words
Competition
;
Time Series Analysis
;
Natural Gas Prices
;
Gas Hubs
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