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| 1 |
ID:
139350
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| Summary/Abstract |
Most observers agree that the United States, propelled by its boom in oil and gas production, is becoming increasingly central to global energy. As oil prices have plummeted, American oil producers have taken credit. As U.S. imports have fallen, foreign policy thinkers have suggested that Washington could rely far less on the Middle East. As U.S. firms have prepared to export liquefied natural gas (LNG), market watchers have braced for a transformation of global natural gas markets and, as a result, geopolitics. And as U.S. energy companies have begun to capitalize on shale gas and renewable energy to tame their reliance on coal, scientists have hoped that Washington might finally take the lead in combating climate change. But when future historians reflect on the ongoing transformation of the global energy landscape, they won’t focus narrowly on the United States: Asia will feature at least as prominently, and interactions between the two sides of the Pacific will prove most important of all.
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| 2 |
ID:
140289
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| Summary/Abstract |
On 15 August 1950, just as India was celebrating its third independence anniversary, an earthquake of 8.6 magnitude struck the remote northeastern state of Assam and its surrounding borderlands. Rivers burst their banks and landslides blocked Himalayan valleys, destroying towns, villages, roads, fields, and tea gardens in their wake. Beyond the disaster's shattering impact on the physical geography of the region, this article explores how it participated in another reconfiguration—that of Assam's place within India's political geography and national imaginary. The Indian public had hitherto known very little about India's remote ‘northeast frontier’; the cataclysm and subsequent relief measures served to carve out a space for it on Indian mental maps. Simultaneously, by forcing a large-scale encounter between Indian authorities and the people of the scarcely controlled eastern Himalayas, post-earthquake relief and rehabilitation led to unprecedented state expansion in this newly strategic borderland. Yet in the same breath, the aftermath of the disaster fuelled stereotypes about Assam and its hinterland that would eventually further their marginality within India and undermine their continued unity. The crystallization of Assam's image as a place irreducibly subject to the whims of nature and, more importantly, incapable of taking care of itself (and hence, of its highland dependencies), would poison centre–state relations for decades to come. Imperfect and contradictory, the reordering of this border space from a colonial frontier to a component of independent India's national space did not end marginality, but instead reinforced it.
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| 3 |
ID:
163236
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| Summary/Abstract |
Two major earthquakes hit Nepal in April and May 2015 causing widespread devastation. Many NGOs, including CARE Nepal, International Nepal Fellowship and Richa Bajimaya Memorial Foundation, responded to the crisis in diverse ways. In the relief phase, the three NGOs faced many challenges as a result of inadequate planning for a large‐scale disaster, including access to information, coordination and inaccessibility. NGOs were able to partly overcome these problems through their ability to draw on social capital, networks and trust, values typical of Nepalese society, which is largely structured by informal social relations. Bonding and bridging social capital, and necessary linking social capital at a different scale, all posed certain problems for equity and efficiency. Although using social networks enabled a more rapid response, this could not easily combat inaccessibility and emphasised uneven development.
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| 4 |
ID:
178264
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| Summary/Abstract |
Between 2000 and 2008, Zimbabwe experienced debilitating economic, political and social problems. The crises were characterised by political unrest, economic downturn, hyperinflation, food insecurity, breakdown in the provision of basic social services and the intensification of the effects of global warming and climate change. The period saw the entry of many international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including GOAL Zimbabwe, which came to deal with the unfolding humanitarian crisis. Key informant interviews were conducted with 21 interviewees from GOAL, Buhera Rural District Council officials, Agritex officers and project beneficiaries. Atlas Ti was used to analyse the data into key themes. In 2010, GOAL Zimbabwe chose to stay and reincarnate itself and went through a very difficult process from being a relief to a development organisation. Results show the process on which GOAL embarked in transitioning from relief to recovery. The evidence coming out of the discussions indicates that with the right levels of support from development partners and commitment by communities, it is possible for both organisations and communities to transition from a humanitarian and relief mindset to a development paradigm.
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