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| 1 |
ID:
148462
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| Summary/Abstract |
Angola may be entering a pivotal moment, triggered by persistently low oil prices and its president José Eduardo dos Santos (the world's second longest-serving president) signalling that he may step down in 2018. Will this result in continuity or change? This review article of six books on modern Angola shows that since 1820, significant dips in international commodity prices have marked moments of lasting political change in the country. They also show that the history of Angolan nationalism is one of deep divisions and that political loyalty and support were often more about survival or ambition than about ideology and ethnicity. Throughout modern Angolan history personalities, such as Agostinho Neto, Jonas Savimbi and José Eduardo dos Santos, have also played a critical role in determining the country's fortunes. The single greatest foreign influence on Angola might be Cuba's ‘internationalist solidarity’ of sending up to five per cent of its population to Angola between 1976 and 1991 in support of the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA). Over a decade later, the Chinese also found that the MPLA government determined their partnership. This review article examines the strength of Angolan agency and how the drivers of change are complex, determined by personality politics, geopolitics, prestige, solidarity, cost–benefit analysis and timing.
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| 2 |
ID:
152458
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This article focuses on whether the discontinuity in the structure of the Indian economy, which started with the economic reforms of 1991, triggered changes in federal fiscal arrangements. This examination is embedded in a larger overview of the basic fiscal structure, characterized by annual flows from the national government (the “Center”) to subnational states that have both statutory (guaranteed and formulaic) and non-statutory (discretionary) components. An unforeseen consequence of trade liberalization was the loss of trade tax revenue, which drove down tax collections at the Center both as a percent of GDP, and relative to states. Four major policy changes initiated after 1991 are attributable to post-reform concerns with efficiency in the fiscal structure. The final shift of indirect taxation to a fully value added configuration, with comprehensive coverage of goods and services, is scheduled for introduction by September 16, 2017.
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| 3 |
ID:
139847
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How have Chinese migrant workers’ patterns of everyday life changed over the past two decades, and what has not changed? Have their personal and career aspirations shifted over time? What changes have occurred in how they maintain social relationships within and across factories? What are the implications for migrant workers, local governance and factory managements? Based on workers’ letters and ethnographic research in Shenzhen, this article argues that migrant workers encounter very different circumstances today in their housing, food, time scheduling, aspirations and ways of maintaining social relationships. yet young migrant workers still invoke social relationships steeped in links to family and village to cope with daily difficulties. I examine the workers’ greater control over their time, local governments’ growing need to accommodate migrant workers’ requirements in order to maintain social stability, and the increasing pressure on factory managements to consider workers’ work/leisure arrangements, especially during peak industrial seasons.
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| 4 |
ID:
154927
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay proposes that a turn toward historical analysis is essential for understanding the propensity for either war or peace in contemporary East Asia. It urges scholars to reorient inquiry about this question in terms of temporally sensitive processes of change and continuity, and it expresses reservations about the merits of an “Eastern” turn in international relations theory. This case is made through two supporting tasks. First, it demonstrates that the Asian security literature suffers from a number of shortcomings that stem from an overwhelming orientation toward variable-centered analysis. Second, it proposes that the conceptual tools of historical institutionalism offer a fruitful way to address the theoretical lacunae, logical missteps, and empirical puzzles in Asian security literature. The article concludes by highlighting how a stronger historical institutionalist sensibility could help augment two examples of the most “hardcore” Asian security debate: the security dilemma and a US–China power transition. The logic of historical institutionalism asserts temporality and historiography as crucial sites for not only area studies scholars, but theory testing and development as well.
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