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| 1 |
ID:
140745
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 1939–1940, internationalists, with the approval of the Roosevelt administration, campaigned to transplant key technical organs of the League of Nations to the United States to aid in postwar planning and prevent fascist forces in Europe from co-opting the institution.
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| 2 |
ID:
188291
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| Summary/Abstract |
By the outbreak of World War II, French intelligence services had accumulated encyclopedic knowledge of Germany’s military establishment. France, for example, had an embedded mole in secret German communication centers who supplied high-value intelligence for more than a decade and gave vital Enigma encryption secrets to the Allies, and it had another formidable agent who unmasked German spies and “turned” officers in Abwehr, Germany’s principal spy agency. German intelligence boasted of penetrating the Deuxieme Bureau, France’s most important intelligence service, and secret sessions of the Senate. In truth, neither France nor Germany could hardly conceal secrets from one another. France’s success in intelligence, however, has been obfuscated by the ignominious Fall of France in a few short weeks as well as France’s failure to anticipate the audacious German attack through the Ardennes. Arguably less a shortcoming of intelligence, this failure was more a question of France’s leadership and its colossal inaction against the German Western Offensive.
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| 3 |
ID:
188633
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| Summary/Abstract |
Recognition of a claimant polity as a state is a status-related decision with far-reaching political and legal effects. This study addresses the question whether Norway through its foreign minister, Halvdan Koht, entered into a formal diplomatic relationship with the Nazi German satellite of Slovakia in 1939–1940. A claim of recognition complicated Norway’s relationship with the representatives of Czechoslovakia in Allied London. Norwegian Foreign Ministry files not previously consulted now make it possible to test and trace the reception and processing of Slovakia’s application. Sources also show how minor issues take on significance for bilateral relations in times of high volatility in international life.
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