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| 1 |
ID:
140983
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| Summary/Abstract |
The rapid escalation of the CIA's drone program under the Obama administration has attracted the close attention of the media and academic experts. While such attention has helped shine a light on the scale, effectiveness and legality of drone warfare, there has been little attempt to explain the origins of the program and place it within wider US counterterrorism practice. This article meets that need. Drawing upon executive orders, national security directives, documents from the CIA's archive, memoirs of key individuals and technical specifications of drones themselves, the article demonstrates how the current drone campaign has its origins in America's first clash with international terrorism, fought against state sponsors such as the late Colonel Gaddafi. As such, the article concludes that the Obama administration's approach, whilst unique in scale, actually marks a return to, rather than a departure from, counterterrorism methods developed in the decades preceding 9/11.
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| 2 |
ID:
164277
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| Summary/Abstract |
In June 1983, a Harvard study on the impact of computers upon American political campaigns concluded that the technology’s penetration into the world of elections had brought significant advantages for candidates. Alongside their use for managing information bases, assisting in accounting and budgeting, and lightening the load of basic office management, the report identified “intra-campaign communication” and “nearly instantaneous … transfer of information among the widely dispersed staff” as a particular advantage.1 For the first time, press releases, speech drafts, and schedules could be composed, revised, accessed, and printed via remote terminals. While the report identified that the Republican National Committee (RNC) held a significant advantage over their Democratic National Committee (DNC) opponents in the adoption and application of this new approach, it noted the Democrats, intense efforts to catch up and duplicate the Republicans, revealing the birth of computer-driven campaign management.
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