| Summary/Abstract |
Post-11 September 2001 (9/11) intelligence sharing has become more important than ever. Sharing arrangements have proliferated, involving additional types of organizations on all levels (local, state, national, and international), and more participants, including those from non-democratic regimes. The fight against terror has brought many new players together for the first time, united in combat against a common enemy. But since intelligence sharing arrangements are often informal and ad hoc, clear guidelines or common ground are seldom available in determining the rules governing such arrangements in the absence of shared norms and values on issues, including human rights, accountability, and transparency. That new controversies have arisen in the area of intelligence sharing is thus not surprising. Three specific ethical dilemmas involving intelligence sharing, have developed, among others, in recent years:
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