| Summary/Abstract |
Humans, for their survival, have always depended on the natural environment and their gradual cultural evolution incorporated in many activities had an impact on the biophysical environment, biodiversity and other resources. The activities of human beings frequently disrupted the balance of nature leading to ecological imbalances and environmental degradation. The transition phase began from hunters and gatherers to settling for agriculture to production of large-scale machine-made goods. A shift from dependence on renewable energy (wood) to non- renewable fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) was observed. The changes to the climate due to natural factors and man-made factors have added on to the disastrous conditions leading to health impairment. Heat waves, storms, floods and environmental deterioration have led to unimaginable negative effects on agriculture, fisheries and infectious disease transmission.
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