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ID: 141634

Urban-Rural gap and the dilemma of governance / Krishna, Anirudh

Krishna, Anirudh	Article
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“For generations, this urban bias in policy making, inherited from colonial times, has stunted the growth of human capital among the vast rural populations of [developing] countries.”

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Developing Countries ; Policy Making ; Equality of Opportunity ; Living Standard ; Urban-Rural Gap ; Dilemma of Governance ;
Vast Rural Populations ; Democracy - Doorstep

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ID: 182729

Why is inequality higher among the old? Evidence from China / Hanewald, Katja; Jia, Ruo; Liu, Zining

Hanewald, Katja	Journal Article
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This paper studies income inequality in old age and its development over the life cycle. We show that income is more unequally distributed in old age than in working age. We combine the regression-based inequality decomposition method and the three-step mediating effect test to analyze the transmission of income inequality from initial socioeconomic differences to income inequality in old age. Our study is based on a panel of over 4000 old households from the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 1991–2015. We find that the urban-rural gap and educational inequality are the primary causes of old-age income inequality. The effect of the urban-rural gap is partially mediated by educational inequality. Inequality accumulates with age and is reinforced in old age by the fragmented Chinese public pension system.

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China ; Inequality ; Decomposition ; Pensions ; Urban-Rural Gap

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