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| 1 |
ID:
165598
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| Summary/Abstract |
How is the use of political lotteries related to party development? This article discusses the effects of a lottery-based procedure used to distribute committee appointments that was once common across legislatures in nineteenth-century Europe. The authors analyze the effects of a political lottery in budget committee selection in the French Third Republic using a microlevel data set of French deputies from 1877 to 1914. They argue that the adoption and benefit of lottery-based procedures were to prevent the capture of early institutions by party factions or groups of self-interested political elites. The authors find that partial randomization of selection resulted in the appointment of young, skilled, middle-class deputies at the expense of influential elites. When parties gained control of committee assignments in 1910, selection once again favored elites and loyal party members. The authors link lottery-based procedures to party development by showing that cohesive parties were behind the institutional reform that ultimately dismantled this selection process. Lottery-based procedures thus played a sanitizing role during the transformation of emerging parliamentary groups into unified, cohesive political parties.
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| 2 |
ID:
155554
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| Summary/Abstract |
For the past year, a network of journalists from Africa, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and the United States have been investigating the global lottery industry. Jeff Kelly Lowenstein and Raymond Joseph discuss the misspending, tax avoidance, and fraud they have uncovered.
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| 3 |
ID:
186439
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| Summary/Abstract |
License plate control and preferential policies are both significant for promoting New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) in China, and it is important to be aware of the impact of different policies on NEV demand. This study first conducts a survey based on questionnaires answered by 572 residents from Beijing and Shanghai. The conditional-logit model and mixed-logit model are then utilized to analyze the impact of different incentive policies (i.e., auction, lottery and queueing), vehicle attributes, and consumer attributes on China's NEV demand in gigantic cities. The results show that, i) the incentive effect of license-plate auction for purchasing NEVs is better than that of license-plate lotteries and license-plate queueing. ii) there is an evident promotion by the tax exemption policies in Beijing and Shanghai. iii) people hope that the rate of change in subsidies for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is tied to BEV recharge mileage. iv) among those who have a high demand for purchasing a vehicle, their primary purpose is to commute to work. v) those who have BEV, live in other cities, or have urgent purchasing needs are likely not to choose NEVs. Policy implications have been proposed to promote NEVs in China's gigantic cities.
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| 4 |
ID:
155555
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| Summary/Abstract |
World Policy Institute fellow Khadija Sharife investigates the tax avoidance strategies of one of the world’s biggest lottery corporations. While the company, GTech (now known as IGT), profits off the poor, it has shielded hundreds of millions in revenue from the tax man by “inverting” its headquarters overseas and relying on tax havens.
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| 5 |
ID:
184053
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| Summary/Abstract |
Net profits of state-run chance games are either earmarked for non-defence ‘good causes’ or added to the public purse in international practice. The Turkish case is unique as 95% of profits were earmarked for the extrabudgetary Defence Industry Support Fund (DISF) by legislation during 1986–2007. The DISF administers security equipment procurement and domestic arms production in Turkey. The earmarking practice was dissolved in 2007 and chance game profits are transferred to the general budget. The incomings of the DISF are from the budget and from earmarked taxes from 2007 onwards. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of these practices on chance game sales for the period 1986–2017. Noting that a chance game is a joint public-private good, participation is motivated by expectations for private gain but at the same time loss is legitimised by expectations for provision of public services with the takeout part. In order to gain insight into the societal motives in chance game participation in Turkey our model is defined in the context of private (consumerism) cum public (security, warfare) interest. The VECM estimates support a long-run relationship between chance game sales and security variables.
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| 6 |
ID:
160623
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| Summary/Abstract |
While many states earmark lottery proceeds for education programs, a few states have started allocating portions of lottery revenues toward state-provided services for military veterans. The decision to shift funds toward veterans’ services and away from other programs creates an opportunity to study society’s willingness to help veterans when faced with real trade-offs. Using county-level data from three states, I examined public interest in veterans’ lottery tickets by analyzing consumer and voter behaviors. In two states that sold veterans’ tickets, IA and TX, a similar set of county-level variables explained variation in both veterans’ and nonveterans’ ticket sales. However, there were a few cases in which sales patterns differed across ticket categories. Election results from a statewide referendum in MO to create a veterans’ lottery ticket suggested that opposition came from counties with a large proportion of college graduates and high population densities.
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| 7 |
ID:
141752
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