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| 1 |
ID:
142791
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the early reform days and particularly during the Hu-Wen era, the local state has seen remarkable changes triggered by the central government's new focus on rural development and rural-urban integration. The "peasant burden" was reduced by the tax-for-fee reforms in 2002 and the abolition of the agricultural tax in 2006. Fiscal transfers were increased to provide more funding for local governments in order to ensure reasonable public goods provision as well as investment in agricultural modernization and in situ urbanization. At the same time, the performance evaluation of local cadres and government units has been streamlined to enforce stricter compliance with upper level policy guidelines and local governments have been systematically encouraged to engage in policy experimentation and innovation by linking policy success to cadre promotion. However, the local state, at all levels, is still struggling with "un(der)-funded" mandates, rising public demand and, as often reported, social protest. Against this background, this article argues that the concept of local developmentalism can still serve as a useful analytical tool to explain state-business relations at county level and below. The local state has maintained its control over private sector development and entrepreneurial agency by becoming an "interested facilitator" and "enabler" by withdrawing from its position as bureaucratic patron, cadre entrepreneur and corporate agent.
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| 2 |
ID:
142795
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| Summary/Abstract |
The development of strategic technology capabilities, especially in the defense and national security-related domains, is one of the highest priorities of the Chinese authorities in the 21st Century and is regarded as a core pillar of China's rising national power and prestige. At the center of efforts to develop these core technologies is the strategic innovation system, which is made up of an elite collection of major organizational actors that straddle across the political, economic, industrial, national security, and science and technology systems. This article examines the rise, decline, and re-emergence of the Chinese strategic innovation system over the past six decades. Key topics that are scrutinized include the defense industry, the 863 High-Technology Research and Development Program, the 2006-2020 Medium- & Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan, and the Strategic Emerging Industries initiative.
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| 3 |
ID:
142793
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this article, I address the puzzle of what motivates local officials in China to do something new—create a new policy, launch a pilot, adopt an experimental policy—especially when such innovation has uncertain outcomes. Despite the uncertainty and risk, we observe a great deal of policy innovation, both the creation and adoption of experiments, at the subnational level in China. In this article, I explore local policymakers' incentives regarding innovation to understand why they experiment with new policies under conditions of political risk and uncertainty. I utilize data from existing studies on policy innovation, including the Local Gov-ernance Innovation Awards (中國地方政府創新獎), to conduct this analysis.
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| 4 |
ID:
142794
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| 5 |
ID:
142792
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper focuses on a new phenomenon in China: local government entrepreneurship in constructing infrastructure and attracting investment has been diffused from more developed to less developed regions. We argue that this geographically diffused phenomenon is part of a larger attempt by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to facilitate advancement of less developed regions
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