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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
143422
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this paper, we use a unique input–output table that distinguishes trade mode and firm ownership to discuss the relative advantage of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in Mainland China. It is found that FIEs outperform Chinese owned enterprises (COEs) in terms of total energy intensity by 16.97%, 14.97% and 42.89%, respectively, for the processing, non-processing and overall production in the industrial sector. Further decompositions show that structural differences across industries (and trade mode) contribute positively and account for 65.33%, 26.28% and 81.93% of the relative advantage of FIEs for processing, non-processing and overall production. Failure to capture heterogeneity across trade mode may lead to distortion of the picture of how final demand structure differences influence the energy efficiency advantage of FIEs over COEs in China.
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| 2 |
ID:
193769
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| Summary/Abstract |
Despite the structural change toward services that are generally beneficial for female employment, China's gender employment gap (GEG) has widened by 9.64% in the past two decades, 2000–2020, indicated by the labor force participation rate (LFP) of males minus that of females. This study distinguishes domestic demand and different types of global value chain (GVC) related demand under the inter-country input–output framework, and propose a new gender gap decomposition model to explore the evolution of China's GEG from a demand-side perspective. Our results show that GVC-related activities contributed to the widening of China's GEG by less than 0.60% between 2000 and 2020. In contrast, increasing gender discrimination toward females and technological progress with a rapid decrease in employment when producing the same amount of output in most female-intensive sectors are the dominant reasons behind the widening of China's GEG. This study provides some implications for promoting high-quality employment development in China.
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| 3 |
ID:
170105
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| Summary/Abstract |
Significant discrepancy exists between official Chinese and EU trade statistics on the magnitudes of the China-EU trade in goods as well as in services. While the discrepancy of China-U.S. trade surplus has been thoroughly studied by scholars and policymakers, the discrepancy of China-EU trade surplus is barely discussed in literatures. This may lead to seriously bias in understanding China-EU trade relationship, and even cause unnecessary trade friction. In this paper, we discuss the reasons behind the discrepancy of China-EU trade and quantify the extent to which the discrepancy is contributed by transportation costs, re-exports and their markups. We also employ the input-output tables of both EU and China, and measure the China-EU trade balance of goods and services in both domestic value-added (DVA) terms as well as in gross terms. The discrepancy of China-EU trade balance in goods (and services) still exists after adjustments, but is significantly reduced. With the adjustments on price and re-exports, in 2016, the discrepancy of China-EU trade in goods and services of Chinese release over EU release would shrink from an initial estimation of US$90.6 billion to an estimation of US$20.4 billion in gross terms, and further to US$15.8 billion in value-added terms.
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