| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
143799
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
The problematic nature of biased knowledge held by professionalized experts and aid workers in statebuilding is already recognized. Yet we still lack understanding on knowledge formation and transfer in the everyday of statebuilding operations. I argue that the actors on the ground gain their knowledge in powerful and self-referential socialization processes. The aim of this article is to reconstruct via an interactionist theoretical framework, how German police officers, deployed for a maximum of 12 months, perceive and interpret other actors and their mission in Kosovo, how they gain this knowledge and how it relates to their work. I draw two conclusions: first, the police officers, both experienced and newcomers, share mostly negative attitudes towards local actors and the mission. Second, the most important mode of knowledge formation and transfer behind these similar attitudes is the informal interaction with experienced interveners and local actors, not official trainings or information. These informal modes of knowledge transfer have a limiting effect on the practice of statebuilding. New knowledge is difficult to gain in short-term deployment, instead stereotypes are reaffirmed. Interveners are not independent units and the social practice of an operation cannot simply be planned; it develops on the ground in specific forms.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
188553
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Time of Use (ToU) tariffs that aim to shift people’s energy use away from peaks have been key demand-side management measures. Yet, their effectiveness has often been below expectations. In this paper we empirically test arguments based on social practice theory that this underperformance is not the result of people making ill-informed or economically questionable decisions but reflects the complexities of social synchronization. Using sequence-network analysis, we visualize and comparatively analyze time-use data from the US and China to capture everyday temporalities of a particular time-inflexible group – child caregivers. Findings show that timing and sequencing of peak activities for caregivers in both countries were largely structured by institutional and family rhythms, though with considerable differences in extent and timing of influences due to diverging childcare cultures. The necessity to follow these rhythms leaves caregivers little room to adjust their peak activities to ToU tariffs, turning this well-intended measure into an inequitable financial burden on the group. We argue that policymakers should deploy time-varying tariffs in ways that align with everyday temporalities of population groups. Cutting critical and daily peaks in ways that work with people’s temporal (in)flexibilities in everyday practices could be a key to the effectiveness of energy measures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|