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INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   163425


Inter-Governmental vertical competition in China’s urbanization process / Lu, Warren Wenzhi; Tsai, Kellee S   Journal Article
Lu, Warren Wenzhi Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Urbanization in China involves administrative conversion of rural counties into urban districts. During the 1990s, provincial governments enhanced the authority of county governments by building more direct linkages between the two levels. Yet prefecture-level cities retained direct administrative authority over counties on certain issues. Based on fieldwork and an original database of administrative reorganization cases from 2011 to 2016, the authors observe that vertical competition between provinces and prefecture-level cities is mediating, and in some cases, thwarting the latter’s urbanization efforts. Contrary to the expectation that more developed localities will incorporate wealthier counties, provincial capitals and less developed localities are incorporating counties with the highest fiscal revenue. In developing this argument, this article highlights the neglected role of the provincial government in administrative reorganization and the fiscal implications of urbanization.
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2
ID:   145726


Strong presidentialism and the limits of foreign policy success: explaining cooperation between Brazil and Venezuela / Emerson, Guy   Journal Article
Emerson, Guy Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This paper concerns the growing importance of the executive to the foreign policies of Brazil and Venezuela. Exploring the implications of this trend, it examines the extent to which the concentration of power in the presidency—rather than its diffusion in institutions—facilitates the steering tasks of government in an interstate setting. It focuses on the issue of energy security—a theme integral to both states—so as to tell a larger story about the role of the executive in promoting cooperation in spite of the different policy trajectories pursued by the respective foreign ministries. It concludes that while the concentration of power is beneficial to the monitoring of and intervention into the cooperation process so as to push it forward, in the absence of a strong institutional backdrop, the longevity of such cooperation is likely to be limited.
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